Comparison 4. Nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures compared to nonabsorbable sutures.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
4.1 Recurrence (2 years)	1	106	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	4.82 [0.24, 98.03]
4.2 Pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 1 day)	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.60 [‐0.10, 1.30]
4.3 Pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 1 week)	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.60 [0.17, 1.03]
4.4 Pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 1 months)	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.43, 1.17]
4.5 Pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 3 months)	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.07, 0.53]
4.6 Seroma (7 days)	1	106	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.25, 1.68]
4.7 Mesh infection (postoperative not specified)	1	106	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Not estimable
4.8 Time until return to normal activity (days)	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	6.60 [2.89, 10.31]
4.9 Length of hospital stay (days)	1	110	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.03 [‐0.20, 0.14]
4.10 Duration of surgery (minutes)	1	110	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐22.70 [‐29.14, ‐16.26]