Figure 4.

Chemokine release. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma were obtained from 17 critically ill COVID-19 patients who had been on mechanical ventilation for at least 7 days and 8 healthy control subjects. Data are expressed as box and whisker diagrams depicting the median and lower quartile, upper quartile, and their respective 1.5 interquartile range as whiskers (as specified by Tukey). Comparisons between groups were performed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001. BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; IL, interleukin; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; PARC, pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine; RANTES, Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secreted.