Table 1.
Patient clinicopathologic and demographic characteristics and comparison between patients with and without spread through air spaces
| STAS |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All patients (n=487) | Absent (n=358 [74]) | Present (n=129 [26]) | p |
| Age, years | 64 (54–72) | 63 (53–71) | 67 (59–72) | 0.006 |
| Sex | 0.4 | |||
| Female | 315 [65] | 236 (75) | 79 (25) | |
| Male | 172 [35] | 122 (71) | 50 (29) | |
| Smoking | 0.001 | |||
| Never | 174 [36] | 144 (83) | 30 (17) | |
| Former | 262 [54] | 182 (69) | 80 (31) | |
| Current | 51 [10] | 32 (63) | 19 (37) | |
| Smoking pack-years | 13 (0–42) | 8 (0–40) | 32 (0.5–50) | <0.001 |
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 0.3 | |||
| No | 464 [95] | 343 (74) | 121 (26) | |
| Yes | 23 [5] | 15 (65) | 8 (35) | |
| Surgery | 0.8 | |||
| Lobectomy or greater | 378 [78] | 279 (74) | 99 (26) | |
| Sublobar resection | 109 [22] | 79 (72) | 30 (28) | |
| Adjuvant therapy | <0.001 | |||
| No | 428 [88] | 330 (77) | 98 (23) | |
| Yes | 59 [12] | 28 (47) | 31 (53) | |
| Tumor size, cm | 2.0 (1.4–3.0) | 2.0 (1.3–3.0) | 2.0 (1.5–3.5) | 0.13 |
| T factor | 0.6 | |||
| T1a | 64 [13] | 51 (80) | 13 (20) | |
| T1b | 192 [39] | 139 (72) | 53 (28) | |
| T1c | 94 [19] | 73 (78) | 21 (22) | |
| T2a | 72 [15] | 51 (71) | 21 (29) | |
| T2b | 20 [4] | 12 (60) | 8 (40) | |
| T3 | 36 [7] | 25 (69) | 11 (31) | |
| T4 | 9 [2] | 7 (78) | 2 (22) | |
| N factor | <0.001 | |||
| N0 | 403 [83] | 311 (77) | 92 (23) | |
| N1 | 42 [9] | 22 (52) | 20 (48) | |
| N2 | 42 [9] | 25 (60) | 17 (40) | |
| Pathologic stage | 0.002 | |||
| I | 358 [74] | 278 (78) | 80 (22) | |
| II | 75 [15] | 45 (60) | 30 (40) | |
| III | 54 [11] | 35 (65) | 19 (35) | |
| Lymphatic invasion | <0.001 | |||
| Absent | 347 [71] | 280 (81) | 67 (19) | |
| Present | 140 [29] | 78 (56) | 62 (44) | |
| Vascular invasion | <0.001 | |||
| Absent | 380 [78] | 304 (80) | 76 (20) | |
| Present | 107 [22] | 54 (50) | 53 (50) | |
| Pleural invasion | 0.024 | |||
| Absent | 449 [92] | 337 (75) | 112 (25) | |
| Present | 34 [7] | 19 (56) | 15 (44) | |
| Necrosis percentage | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–10) | <0.001 |
| Mitotic count | 0 (0–28) | 0 (0–5) | 9 (0–50) | <0.001 |
| Ki-67 labeling index (n=317) | 1.3 (1–70) | 1 (1–5) | 38 (1–90) | <0.001 |
| Histologic subtype | <0.001 | |||
| TC | 299 [61] | 250 (84) | 49 (16) | |
| AC | 38 [8] | 24 (63) | 14 (37) | |
| LCNEC | 93 [19] | 53 (57) | 40 (43) | |
| SCLC | 57 [12] | 31 (54) | 26 (46) | |
Data are shown as number [% among total patients] or (% among the number of patients in each covariate) or median (25–75 percentile). Significant p values are shown in bold. AC, atypical carcinoid; LCNEC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; SCLC, small cell carcinoma; TC, typical carcinoid.