Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with hepatorenal syndrome, n (%)
|
Variables
|
Derivation cohort (n = 248)
|
Validation cohort (n = 123)
|
1
P
value
|
||||
|
|
Non-survivor (n = 188)
|
Survivor (n = 60)
|
P
value
|
Non-survivor (n = 90)
|
Survivor (n = 33)
|
P
value
|
|
| Age (y) | 59.11 ± 12.61 | 55.43 ± 12.04 | 0.048 | 56.94 ± 12.17 | 57.21 ± 11.81 | 0.913 | 0.379 |
| Gender (male/female) | 138/50 | 52/8 | 0.031 | 69/21 | 26/7 | 0.995 | 0.795 |
| Causes of cirrhosis | 0.046 | 0.741 | 0.096 | ||||
| HBV/HBV plus others | 124 (66.0) | 34 (56.7) | 45 (50.0) | 19 (57.6) | |||
| Alcoholic | 27 (14.4) | 17 (28.3) | 21 (23.3) | 7 (21.2) | |||
| Others | 37 (19.7) | 9 (15.0) | 24 (26.7) | 7 (21.2) | |||
| MAP (mmHg) | 95.16 ± 16.42 | 100.31 ± 18.44 | 0.041 | 93.1 ± 15.01 | 100.58 ± 18.33 | 0.023 | 0.483 |
| INR | 1.90 (1.70-2.60) | 1.60 (1.30-1.90) | < 0.001 | 1.96 (1.54-2.40) | 1.50 (1.31-1.90) | < 0.001 | 0.305 |
| Neutrophil | 75.68 ± 11.99 | 71.21 ± 13.03 | 0.015 | 76.03 ± 10.98 | 72.95 ± 10.97 | 0.170 | 0.647 |
| RBC (× 109/L) | 3.15 ± 0.85 | 3.04 ± 0.85 | 0.404 | 3.16 ± 1.05 | 2.99 ± 0.78 | 0.388 | 0.950 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 103.13 ± 25.48 | 95.14 ± 26.89 | 0.044 | 102.55 ± 29.63 | 95.41 ± 25.60 | 0.229 | 0.840 |
| MCV (fl) | 94.20 ± 9.16 | 92.21 ± 8.07 | 0.146 | 95.28 ± 11.72 | 94.00 ± 9.71 | 0.580 | 0.267 |
| MCH (pg) | 33.19 ± 3.78 | 31.45 ± 3.21 | 0.002 | 33.17 ± 3.93 | 32.21 ± 3.66 | 0.233 | 0.756 |
| MCHC (g/L) | 351.81 ± 18.15 | 341.77 ± 19.35 | < 0.001 | 349.14 ± 19.13 | 342.83 ± 18.25 | 0.104 | 0.355 |
| Platelet (× 109/L) | 66.5 (42.0-97.5) | 69.0 (45.5-98.0) | 0.419 | 64.0 (36.0-103.0) | 75.0 (46.0-118.0) | 0.250 | 0.737 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 29.12 ± 5.48 | 28.77 ± 5.37 | 0.668 | 29.22 ± 5.41 | 30.99 ± 5.61 | 0.115 | 0.274 |
| A/G | 1.00 (0.78-1.40) | 0.92 (0.73-1.30) | 0.267 | 1.13 ± 0.56 | 1.19 ± 0.51 | 0.620 | 0.400 |
| ALT | 60.00 (31.00-137.00) | 32.50 (18.25-66.00) | 0.001 | 59.00 (26.50-135.00) | 36.00 (16.00-104.00) | 0.035 | 0.673 |
| Serum bilirubin | 15.00 (5.32-27.50) | 3.92 (1.10-12.80) | < 0.001 | 18.30 (6.75-25.30) | 2.30 (1.17-23.30) | 0.003 | 0.779 |
| Cholinesterase (U/L) | 1963.00 (1399.00-2559.00) | 2264.00 (1410.50-3081.50) | 0.197 | 1937.50 (1585.75-2637.20) | 2376.00 (1716.00-3903.00) | 0.152 | 0.198 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.60 (0.92-2.70) | 1.84 (1.14-2.80) | 0.206 | 1.43 (0.85-2.20) | 2.10 (1.10-2.90) | 0.046 | 0.291 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 133.74 ± 6.79 | 135.66 ± 6.34 | 0.053 | 132.88 ± 5.89 | 136.02 ± 4.90 | 0.009 | 0.499 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.35 ± 1.01 | 4.18 ± 0.74 | 0.217 | 4.16 ± 0.80 | 4.31 ± 0.65 | 0.352 | 0.288 |
| Number of failed organs | 1 (0.75-2.00) | 0 (0-1.00) | < 0.001 | 1 (0-2.00) | 0 (0-1.00) | < 0.001 | 0.433 |
| One organ failed | 65 (34.6) | 19 (31.7) | 0.797 | 28 (31.1) | 11 (33.3) | 0.987 | 0.764 |
| Two organs failed | 50 (26.6) | 1 (1.7) | < 0.001 | 26 (28.9) | 3 (9.1) | 0.040 | 0.596 |
| ≥ Three organs failed | 26 (13.8) | 1 (1.7) | 0.017 | 12 (13.3) | 1 (3.0) | 0.188 | 0.990 |
| MELD | 29.50 ± 9.06 | 22.97 ± 8.00 | < 0.001 | 28.04 ± 8.74 | 23.46 ± 9.47 | 0.013 | 0.276 |
| CLIF-SOFA | 10.79 ± 3.29 | 8.18 ± 3.08 | < 0.001 | 10.86 ± 3.75 | 8.09 ± 3.37 | < 0.001 | 0.912 |
| COSSH-ACLF | 7.57 ± 1.84 | 6.05 ± 1.27 | < 0.001 | 7.57 ± 1.86 | 6.14 ± 1.49 | < 0.001 | 0.958 |
| Treatment | 0.261 | 0.842 | 0.125 | ||||
| Terlipressin plus albumin | 41 (21.8) | 18 (30.0) | 15 (16.7) | 5 (15.2) | |||
| Albumin only | 147 (78.2) | 42 (70.0) | 75 (83.3) | 28 (84.8) | |||
P non-survivor vs survivor.
1
P derivation cohort vs validation cohort. A/G: Albumin/globulin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; CLIF-SOFA: Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; COSSH-ACLF: Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B-Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; INR: International normalized ratio; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; MCH: Mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: Mean cell volume; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; RBC: Red blood cells.