(a) Photographs of nanoparticle suspension samples in aqueous media, 10% FBS in RPMI1640 medium, and sodium acetate buffer solution (pH = 7.0), (b) laser light scattering (i.e., Tyndall effect) proving NP dispersions: laser light scattering was observed only for both solution samples whereas no light scattering was observed for the reference triple-distilled water, (c) HRTEM images at low (10 nm scale) and high (2 nm scale) magnifications: dotted circles indicate the PAA-coated Ln2O3 NPs (Ln = Tb and Ho), (d) particle diameter distributions and log-normal function fits (the total number of NPs, Ntotal = 133 for PAA-coated Tb2O3 NPs and 111 for PAA-coated Ho2O3 NPs), (e) hydrodynamic diameter distributions and log-normal function fits, (f) plots of zeta potentials (ξ) overtime (0, 1, 2, and 4 days) [insets are plot of ξ versus time (t)], (g) plots of ΔT [= T(t) − T(0); T = height-averaged transmission of NIR beam] as a function of time, and (h) plots of ΔBST [= BST(t) − BST(0); BST = height-averaged backscattering of NIR beam] as a function of time. Labels “Tb” and “Ho” indicate the PAA-coated Tb2O3 and Ho2O3 NPs, respectively.