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(a) FTIR absorption spectra of the powder samples and free PAA, (b) bridge-bonding structure of COO− with Ln3+ on a NP surface (many such bridge-bonding structures exist per NP because of many COO− groups per PAA and many Ln3+ on a NP surface), and (c) TGA curves of the powder samples: the numbers are the amounts of PAA-coating in wt.%. Labels (i) and (ii) indicate the PAA-coated Ln2O3 NPs [Ln = (i) Tb and (ii) Ho].
