Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic and clinical data of participants in active and sham groups.
| Active Group (Mean ± SD) |
Sham Group (Mean ± SD) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n total | 13 | 11 | |
| Age (years) | 33.08 ± 8.96 | 37.18 ± 9.38 | 0.285 |
| Illness duration (years) | 10.38 ± 9.51 | 14.73 ± 7.79 | 0.132 |
| Sex (n) | 6F/7M | 5F/6M | 0.973 |
| (%) | 46%/54% | 45%/55% | |
| Handedness (n) | 11R/1L/1 both | 9R/2L | 0.484 |
| Smokers (%) | 58% | 40% | 0.392 |
| Alcohol intake 1 (%) | 0% | 9% | 0.267 |
| Physical exercise 1 (%) | 8% | 9% | 0.902 |
| PANSS Total | 66.00 ± 14.89 | 69.78 ± 14.89 | 0.565 |
| PANSS Positive | 18.00 ± 4.81 | 19.44 ± 3.47 | 0.450 |
| PANSS Negative | 19.00 ± 5.63 | 17.33 ± 5.31 | 0.493 |
| PANSS General | 29.00 ± 5.31 | 33.00 ± 7.62 | 0.262 |
| mBDNF (pg·mL−1) | 16,510.80 ± 4346.98 | 13,257.50 ± 3274.58 | 0.054 |
| Antipsychotic dose (CPZeq) | 930.41 ± 415.13 | 1192.91 ± 449.45 | 0.151 |
| Molecule | |||
| Typical antipsychotics | 4 | 2 | 0.649 |
| Atypical antipsychotics | 12 | 11 | 1.000 |
| Clozapine | 4 | 4 | 1.000 |
| Antidepressants | 3 | 4 | 0.659 |
| Benzodiazepines | 5 | 2 | 0.386 |
| Anxiolytics | 3 | 6 | 0.206 |
CPZeq, chlorpromazine clinically equivalent dose in mg/day [32]; F, female; M, male; mBDNF, mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor; L, left-hander; PANSS, positive and negative syndrome scale; R, right-hander; SD, standard deviation. 1 Alcohol consumption and physical exercise were controlled for the 24 h prior to the experiment. p-values were obtained using independent samples t-tests for age, PANSS scores, CPZeq and mBDNF levels, and Fischer’s exact test tests for other variables.