Table 2.

CYP enzymes, their phenotypes, substrates, and drugs that can cause phenoconversion by inhibition or induction. Underlined: CYP inducers. NM = normal metabolizers; IM = intermediate metabolizers; PM = poor metabolizers; RM = rapid metabolizers; UM = ultra-rapid metabolizers; NSAIDs = nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Examples from http://go.drugbank.com, accessed on 29 March 2021.

CYP	Known Phenotypes	Substrates	Phenoconversion
1A2	increased funtion normal function unknown function	duloxetine, olanzapin, clozapine, theophyllin, caffeine	fluvoxamine, ciprofloxacine, enoxacine, smoking
2A6	PM, IM, NM, UM	nicotine
2B6	NM, IM, PM, RM, UM	bupropion, cyclophospamide, efavirenz, methadone	clopidogrel, ticlopidine, tenofovir, voriconazole, carbamazepine, efavirenz, rifampin
2C8	increased function normal function decreased function	glitazones, paclitaxel	gemfibrozil, clopidogrel, teriflunomide, trimethoprim, rifampin, St. John‘s wort
2C9	NM, IM, PM	losartan, NSAIDs, phenytoin, warfarin, glyburide	amiodarone, fluconazole, miconazole, rifampin
2C19	NM, IM, PM, RM, UM	clopidogrel, diazepam, proton pump inhibitors (PPI)	fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, fluconazole, omeprazole, ticlopidine, rifampin
2D6	NM, IM, PM, UM	antidepressants, betablockers, codeine, tramadol, tamoxifen, hydrocodone	bupropion, cimetidine, duloxetine, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine, Note: there are no known inducers of CYP2D6.
3A4	normal function, decreased function, increased function	calcium channel blockers, macrolides, protease inhibitors, statins	azole antimycotics, boceprevir, cobicistat, danoprevir, grapefruit, ritonavir, telaprevir, verapamil, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, St. John’s wort
3A5	NM, IM, PM Note: activity has major influence on CYP3A4 activity, if *1 is present	Tacrolimus, quetiapine	Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diltiazem, ketoconazole, verapamil