Table 5.

Examples for influx and efflux transporters, their genotypes, and examples of the substrates and interacting drugs causing phenoconversion. Underlined drugs: inducers for the transporter. Examples were retrieved from the pharmgkb database: www.pharmgkb.org, accessed on 29 March 2021.

Gene/Transporter	Known Phenotypes	Substrates	Phenoconversion
OATP1B1/SLCO1B1 gene	normal function, decreased function, poor function	atorvastatin, repaglinide, enalapril, methotrexate, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, eryhtromycin, nateglinide, pitavastatin, pravastatin, lopinavir	astemizole, diazepam, nifedipine
BCRP/ABCG2 gene	Normal function, decreased function	allopurinol, asuvastatin, leflunomide, sunitinib, topotecan, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, sulfasalazine	curcumine, elacridar, cyclosporine A
P-glycoprotein/ABCB1/MDR1 gene	normal function, increased function	colchicine, fexofenadine, simvastatin, rifampin, cyclosporine, ondansetron, risperidone, digoxin, fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone, tramadole, phenytoin	amiodarone, carvedilol, clarithromycin, quinidine, verapamil, ritonavir, telaprevir, carbamazepine, St. John’s wort, primidone, rifampin, phenytoin