Table 1.
Principal technologies applied in various contexts to create different health assistance tasks.
| Sensor Type | Technology | Context | Task | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wearable | 3-axis accelerometer at user hip | Indoor | Postural Stability | [37] |
| Wearable | Accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer at the user hip | Indoor | Postural Stability | [35] |
| Wearable | 3-axis accelerometer in a smart watch | Indoor | Postural Stability | [38] |
| Wearable | Smartphone at the user hip | Indoor | Fall classification | [36,43] |
| Wearable | IMU on people pelvis, right and left thigh | Indoor | Gait analysis | [39] |
| Wearable | Smartphone | Outdoor | Physical/Mental Health, Wondering Detection | [55,56] |
| Wearable | Wristband | Indoor | Ambient air monitoring | [44] |
| Wearable | RFID tag | Indoor | 3D localization, Fall detection | [45,46,47] |
| Wearable | Wearable electrodes | Indoor | Heart rate monitoring | [52,53] |
| Wearable | BLE technology | Indoor | Localization | [49,50,51] |
| Wearable | Smart Glasses | Indoor | Vital Sign Monitoring | [54] |
| Wearable | Sensor Box | Outdoor | Safe Navigation | [57] |
| Smart objects | Sensors in appliances and furniture | Indoor | Daily life Activities, Abnormal behavior detection, Interaction with devices | [59,60,61,62,63] |
| Smart objects | Sensors in kitchen appliances | Indoor | Food preparation | [64,65] |
| Smart objects | BLE Beacons in the objects | Indoor | Interaction with devices | [66] |
| Smart objects | Single smart object (Cushion, wheelchair, carpet, bed) | Indoor | Specific health functionalities, sleeping posture recognition | [58,67,68,69] |
| Environmental | Wireless sensors in the environment | Indoor | Indoor temperature, humidity, vibration, luminosity and sound | [71,72] |
| Environmental | Electromagnetic Technology | Indoor | Respiration activity | [73] |
| Environmental | Sensor nodes in the beds | Retirement Houses | Resting time of residents | [74] |
| Environmental | Sensors in the environment | Indoor | Multiple People Location | [75,76,77,78] |
| Environmental | Multiple cameras | Indoor/Outdoor | Object detection | [79] |
| Environmental | Radio Frequency sensors | Indoor | Sleep monitoring, activity monitoring, changes in movement patterns, vital sign recognition | [80,81,82] |
| Environmental | Metasurfaces based on microwave sensors | Indoor | recognition of hand signs and vital sign recognition, | [83,84,85] |
| Environmental | Kinect™and Wii™ | Indoor | Biomedical Sign acquisition | [2] |
| Environmental | Kinect™ | Indoor | Activity recognition | [86] |
| Environmental | RFID in the wall | Indoor | Activity recognition | [70] |
| Environmental | Multiple Kinect | Indoor | Physical training | [87] |
| Environmental | Wearable and environmental sensors | Indoor | Patient monitoring and environmental parameter monitoring | [40] |