Table 2.

Univariable models for the relationships between each abnormal behaviour and three potential predictors: age, sex, and scanning level ¹.

Independent Variable/Dependent Variable	Age			Male Sex (Referent = Female)			Moderate Scanning Level (Referent = Rare)			Frequent Scanning Level (Referent = Rare)
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p-Value	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p-Value	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p-Value	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p-Value
Pacing	0.97	0.95–0.99	0.004	0.80	0.63–1.02	0.076	3.00	2.25–4.00	<0.001	9.17	6.39–13.14	<0.001
Bouncing	0.95	0.92–0.97	<0.001	1.81	1.32–2.47	<0.001	1.72	1.16–2.55	0.007	1.92	1.30–2.84	0.001
Rocking	1.03	1–1.06	0.031	1.33	0.94–1.86	0.106	2.78	1.69–4.58	<0.001	3.70	2.27–6.02	<0.001
Head-twisting	0.93	0.89–0.96	<0.001	1.20	0.83–1.73	0.338	2.74	1.48–5.09	0.001	6.59	3.71–11.71	<0.001
Flipping	0.80	0.75–0.85	<0.001	1.04	0.72–1.50	0.844	1.72	1.01–2.93	0.045	3.25	1.99–5.33	<0.001
Swinging	0.84	0.80–0.89	<0.001	1.03	0.70–1.52	0.890	1.54	0.89–2.68	0.124	3.02	1.82–5.01	<0.001
Twirling	0.92	0.87–0.97	0.004	1.38	0.83–2.32	0.216	1.64	0.76–3.55	0.209	3.62	1.81–7.26	<0.001
Self-sucking	0.64	0.59–0.70	<0.001	1.83	1.29–2.58	0.001	0.97	0.63–1.51	0.904	1.53	1.02–2.31	0.04
Hair-plucking	1.17	1.13–1.20	<0.001	0.96	0.69–1.38	0.825	1.21	0.79–1.87	0.382	1.00	0.63–1.57	0.985
Self-clasping	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.77	0.86	0.54–1.36	0.513	1.10	0.59–2.03	0.765	1.91	1.09–3.35	0.023
Eye-poking	0.96	0.91–1.02	0.198	1.29	0.71–2.35	0.399	2.13	0.90–5.04	0.085	2.99	1.31–6.83	0.009
Hanging	0.93	0.88–0.97	0.002	1.35	0.87–2.10	0.184	1.13	0.65–1.97	0.659	1.33	0.78–2.29	0.297
Floating limb	1.02	0.98–1.05	0.393	1.46	0.94–2.28	0.096	2.14	0.95–4.82	0.067	8.00	3.90–16.41	<0.001
Leg-lifting	0.95	0.90–1.00	0.036	1.21	0.72–2.01	0.472	2.28	0.92–5.66	0.075	6.89	3.05–15.58	<0.001
Withdrawn	1.15	1.06–1.25	0.001	1.35	0.41–4.44	0.624	1.04	0.21–5.20	0.959	1.84	0.44–7.74	0.407
Self-biting	0.98	0.95–1.01	0.173	1.81	1.25–2.61	0.002	2.61	1.35–5.07	0.005	9.52	5.22–17.37	<0.001
Threat-biting	0.99	0.93–1.06	0.770	2.29	1.06–4.93	0.035	1.31	0.35–4.91	0.691	6.03	2.05–17.74	0.001
Self-injurious behaviour	0.99	0.92–1.06	0.793	1.58	0.70–3.59	0.272	0.69	0.19–2.47	0.571	2.61	1.00–6.88	0.051
Self-hitting	0.88	0.75–1.04	0.131	3.96	0.82–19.13	0.087	3.15	0.33–30.37	0.322	5.54	0.64–47.63	0.119

¹ Two-tailed p-values are reported here. Significant p-values are bolded for emphasis.