Table 5.
Association between diet quality and sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors in people with common mental disorders (n = 12,545) (SNHS 2006, SNHS 2011/2012 and SNHS 2017).
| Variables | Participants with Common Mental Disorders (n = 12,545) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor/Moderate Diet Quality (n = 7993) | |||||
| n (%) | OR (CI 95%) | p-Value | ORa (CI 95%) 1 | p-Value | |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 3005 (37.60%) | 0.68 (0.63–0.73) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.65–0.77) | <0.001 |
| Male | 4988 (62.40%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Age groups (years) | |||||
| Emerging adults | 487 (6.09%) | 2.91 (2.13–3.97) | <0.001 | 2.44 (1.60–3.36) | <0.001 |
| Young adults | 2974 (37.21%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Middle-aged adults | 2698 (33.75%) | 0.42 (0.38–0.46) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.41–0.51) | <0.001 |
| Older adults | 1834 (22.95%) | 0.26 (0.24–0.29) | <0.001 | 0.31 (0.27–0.35) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Never-married | 2175 (27.21%) | 2.31 (2.08–2.56) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.21–1.52) | <0.001 |
| Married | 3982 (49.82%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Widowed | 1035 (12.95%) | 0.67 (0.61–0.74) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 0.13 |
| Separated/divorced | 801 (10.02%) | 1.53 (1.34–1.76) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.18–1.57) | <0.001 |
| Social class | |||||
| Classes I and II | 1144 (14.31%) | 0.91 (0.82–1.02) | 0.10 | ||
| Classes III and IV | 3246 (40.61%) | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | 0.35 | ||
| Classes V and VI | 3603 (45.08%) | Reference | |||
| Educational level | |||||
| Without formal education | 1120 (14.01%) | 0.55 (0.49–0.61) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.09–1.40) | <0.01 |
| Completed primary studies | 1901 (23.78%) | 0.70 (0.64–0.76) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.06–1.29) | <0.01 |
| Completed secondary studies or professional training | 3939 (49.28%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| University studies | 1033 (12.93%) | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) | 0.34 | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 0.16 |
| Nationality | |||||
| Spanish | 7353 (91.99%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Foreign | 640 (8.01%) | 2.49 (2.07–2.98) | <0.001 | 157 (1.30–1.90) | <0.001 |
| Population of town/city | |||||
| <10,000 inhabitants | 1794 (22.44%) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.08 | ||
| ≥10,000 inhabitants | 6199 (77.56%) | Reference | |||
| Body Mass Index | |||||
| Underweight | 184 (2.30%) | 1.53 (1.12–2.08) | <0.01 | 1.29 (0.93–1.79) | 0.13 |
| Normal-weight | 3515 (43.98%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Overweight | 2752 (34.43%) | 0.67 (0.62–0.73) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.76–0.91) | <0.001 |
| Obese | 1542 (19.29%) | 0.64 (0.58–0.70) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.76–0.94) | <0.01 |
| Self-perceived health status | |||||
| Very good | 532 (6.66%) | 1.50 (1.27–1.77) | <0.001 | ||
| Good | 2650 (33.15%) | 1.33 (1.22–1.46) | <0.001 | ||
| Fair | 2911 (36.42%) | Reference | |||
| Poor | 1391 (17.40%) | 0.87 (0.78–0.96) | <0.01 | ||
| Very poor | 509 (6.37%) | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | 0.70 | ||
| Current smokers | |||||
| Yes | 2689 (33.64%) | 2.35 (2.15–2.57) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.44–1.75) | <0.001 |
| No | 5304 (66.36%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Alcohol consumption in the past twelve months | |||||
| Yes | 2925 (36.59%) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 5068 (63.41%) | Reference | |||
| Physical exercise in main activity | |||||
| Yes | 4602 (57.58%) | Reference | |||
| No | 3391 (42.42%) | 0.90 (0.84–0.97) | <0.01 | ||
| Leisure-time physical activity | |||||
| Yes | 3863 (48.33%) | 0.86 (0.80–0.93) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.72–0.84) | <0.001 |
| No | 4130 (51.67%) | Reference | Reference | ||
1 OR = odds ratio; ORa = odds ratio adjusted for all sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors; CI 95% = confidence Interval; n = number of people with a poor or moderate diet quality; Hosmer–Lemeshow test χ2 = 12.22, p = 0.14; Nagelkerke’s R2: 0.14; p-value < 0.001.