Table 6.
Association between diet quality and sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors in people without common mental disorders (n = 48,079) (SNHS 2006, SNHS 2011/2012 and SNHS 2017).
| Variables | Participants without Common Mental Disorders (n = 48,079) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor/Moderate Diet Quality (n = 32,008) | |||||
| n (%) | OR (CI 95%) | p-Value | ORa (CI 95%) 1 | p-Value | |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 15,288 (47.76%) | 0.63 (0.60–0.65) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.59–0.65) | <0.001 |
| Male | 16,720 (52.24%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Age groups (years) | |||||
| Emerging adults | 2564 (8.01%) | 2.19 (1.93–2.47) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.56–2.01) | <0.001 |
| Young adults | 13,655 (42.66%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Middle-aged adults | 10,193 (31.85%) | 0.45 (0.43–0.47) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.45–0.50) | <0.001 |
| Older adults | 5596 (17.48%) | 0.26 (0.24–0.27) | <0.001 | 0.29 (0.26–0.31) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Never-married | 9765 (30.51%) | 2.07 (1.97–2.18) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1024–1.38) | <0.001 |
| Married | 18,144 (56.68%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Widowed | 2099 (6.56%) | 0.55 (0.51–0.58) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 0.11 |
| Separated/divorced | 2000 (6.25%) | 1.25 (1.15–1.36) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.10–1.31) | <0.001 |
| Social class | |||||
| Classes I and II | 6309 (19.71%) | 0.89 (0.84–0.93) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) | <0.001 |
| Classes III and IV | 13,452 (42.03%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Classes V and VI | 12,247 (38.26%) | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | <0.01 |
| Educational level | |||||
| Without formal education | 2543 (7.95%) | 0.49 (0.46–0.52) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 0.99 |
| Completed primary studies | 6473 (20.22%) | 0.63 (0.60–0.66) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.53 |
| Completed secondary studies or professional training | 16,933 (52.90%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| University studies | 6059 (18.93%) | 0.79 (0.75–0.83) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.84–0.95) | <0.01 |
| Nationality | |||||
| Spanish | 29,539 (92.29%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Foreign | 2469 (7.71%) | 1.89 (1.73–2.06) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.12–1.34) | <0.001 |
| Population of town/city | |||||
| <10,000 inhabitants | 7933 (24,78%) | 1.01 (0.96–1.10) | 0.82 | ||
| ≥10,000 inhabitants | 24,075 (75.22%) | Reference | |||
| Body Mass Index | |||||
| Underweight | 632 (1.97%) | 1.69 (1.42–2.01) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.23–1.77) | <0.001 |
| Normal-weight | 14,397 (44.98%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Overweight | 11,894 (37.16%) | 0.83 (0.79–0.86) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 0.55 |
| Obese | 5085 (15.89%) | 0.78 (0.74–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 0.32 |
| Self-perceived health status | |||||
| Very good | 6876 (21.48%) | 1.27 (1.20–1.33) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.96–1.07) | 0.61 |
| Good | 17,988 (56.20%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Fair | 5910 (18.47%) | 0.70 (0.66–0.73) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | <0.01 |
| Poor | 1048 (3.27%) | 0.63 (0.58–0.70) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.82–1.03) | 0.06 |
| Very poor | 186 (0.58%) | 0.57 (0.46–0.70) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.64–0.99) | 0.04 |
| Current smokers | |||||
| Yes | 9952 (31.09%) | 2.01 (1.92–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.36–1.50) | <0.001 |
| No | 22,056 (68.91%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Alcohol consumption in the past twelve months | |||||
| Yes | 14,321 (44.74%) | 1.16 (1.11–1.20) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.01–1.09) | 0.04 |
| No | 17,687 (55.26%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Physical activity in main activity | |||||
| Physically active | 21,164 (66.12%) | Reference | |||
| Not physically active | 10,844 (33.88%) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.52 | ||
| Leisure-time physical activity | |||||
| Yes | 19,381 (60.55%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| No | 12,627 (39.45%) | 1.47 (1.42–1.53) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.40–1.53) | <0.001 |
1 OR = odds ratio; Ora = odds ratio adjusted for all sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors; CI 95% = confidence interval; n = number of people with a poor or moderate diet quality; Hosmer–Lemeshow test χ2 = 19.53, p = 0.12; Nagelkerke’s R2: 0.14; p-value < 0.001.