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. 2021 May 20;9(5):581. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9050581

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of AMA on the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in PC12 cells. (a,b) Effect of TrkA inhibitor K252a and TrkB inhibitor ANA-12 on the neurite outgrowth induced by AMA and AMA combined with the NGF. (c–e) Effects of Ras, Raf and MEK inhibitors on the neurogenesis activity of AMA and AMA combined with the NGF. (f) Percentage of the neurite outgrowth induced by AMA and AMA combined with the NGF for 48 h in wide-type or Ras mutant PC12 cells. (g) Phosphorylation of ERK at different time points induced by AMA. The ERK phosphorylation was reduced by the inhibitor of MEK and quantified using Western blots through ImageJ software. Each experiment was repeated three times. ** and *** indicate significant differences at p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 compared with the negative control; ##, ### indicate a significant difference at p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 compared with the 3 μM AMA group; $$$ indicates a significant difference at p < 0.001 compared with the AMA-combined NGF group.