Figure 4.
Effect of amarogentin on the insulin receptor/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in PC12 cells. (a,b) Effect of the insulin receptor inhibitor HNMPA-(AM)3 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on the neurite outgrowth induced by AMA and AMA combined with the NGF. (c) AMA-induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and AKT in a time-dependent manner and quantification of the Western blots by using ImageJ software. (d) Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, AKT and ERK induced by AMA or AMA combined with the NGF was decreased by the inhibitor HNMPA-(AM)3. (e) Phosphorylation of AKT induced by AMA or AMA combined with the NGF was decreased by the inhibitor LY294002. Each experiment was repeated three times. *** indicates significant differences at p < 0.001 compared with the negative control; ### indicates a significant difference at p < 0.001 compared with the 3 μM AMA group and $$$ indicates a significant difference at p < 0.001 compared with the AMA-combined NGF group.