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. 2021 May 20;22(10):5375. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105375

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Mitochondria as targets in the NAFLD therapy. To develop a mitochondria-targeted therapy in NAFLD, a variety of drugs have been tested both in cellular/animal models and in very early clinical studies. The possible mitochondrial targets include: (1) nuclear receptors and compounds involved in different signaling pathways; (2) mitochondrial transporters; (3) enzymes playing a major role in mitochondrial metabolism; and (4) biomolecules involved in pathways controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Red lines indicate inhibition. Abbreviations: AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; FGF21Rβ, fibroblast growth factor 21 receptor β; SIRTs, sirtuins; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α; PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; ERRs, estrogen-related receptors; NRFs, nuclear respiratory factors. ANT, adenine nucleotide translocator; UCP, uncoupling proteins; Cyt. C, cytochrome c; CPT-1, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1; CPT-2, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 2; MPC, mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 [261].