Table 1.

Summary of the IGF-signaling effects on ECM molecules’ expression/activity.

Regulator	ECM Target	Effect	Cells	Ref.
IGF-1 and IGF-2	Aggrecan	Maintaining high expression	Chondrocytes/Chondrosarcomas (In vitro; cell lines)	[125]
IGF-1	PGs and p21	Increased expression	Chondrosarcomas (In vitro; cell lines)	[128]
IGF-1	Xylosyltransferase I and alkaline phosphatase	Increased expression	Osteosarcomas (In vitro; cell lines)	[135]
IGF-1	Collagen I	Increased expression	Osteosarcomas (In vitro; cell lines)	[141]
IGFBP-4	Collagen I	Decreased expression	Osteosarcomas (In vitro; cell lines	[141]
IGF-I	Cysteine protease	Decreased activity	Osteosarcomas (In vitro; cell lines)	[142]
IGF-1 and/or IGFBP-5	Collagen I	Enhance Estrogen-mediated PTH-dependent expression	Osteosarcomas (In vitro; cell lines)	[143]
IGF-1	Collagen II	Increased expression	Chondrocytes (In vitro; rat primary cell cultures)	[147]
IGFBP-1	VCAM-1	Increased expression	Osteosarcoma (In vitro; primary cell cultures; tissue biopsies)	[153]
IGF-1	α5β1-integrin	Increased expression	Chondrosarcoma (In vitro; primary cell cultures)	[156]
IGFBP-3	MMP-9	Decreased activity	Ewing sarcoma (In vitro; primary cell and cell line cultures)	[157]
IGF-IR	MMP-2 and MMP-9	Increased expression	Osteosarcomas (In vitro; cell lines; tissue biopsies)	[158]