NPS	Nanoparticles
CT	Computed tomography
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
PA	Photoacoustic microscopy
MVB	Multivesicular body membrane
ILVs	Intraluminal vesicles
ctDNA	Circulating tumor DNA
CTCs	Circulating tumor cells
cfDNA	Cell-free DNA
Exo	Exosomes
AST	Astrocyte cells
Oligo	Oligodendrocytes cells
CDE	Cancer cell-derived exosomes
U251-MG	Human brain cancer cells
MDA-MB-231	Human breast cancer cells
HT-1080	Human fibrosarcoma cells
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
DCs	Dendritic cells
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
14DIV	Hippocampal cells
DRGs	Dorsal root ganglia cells
SCs	Schwann cells
HGNs	Hollow gold nanoparticle
BODIPY	Boron-dipyrromethene
PEG	Poly ethylene glycol
RGD	Arg-Gly-Asp
SEM	Scanning electron microscopy
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy
FC	Flow cytometry
GNRs	Gold nanorods
IONPs	Iron oxide nanoparticles