Table 3.
Phenolic composition of Portuguese beers.
| Phenolic Acids | |||||||||||||||||||
| Phenolic compounds (ug/mL) Samples | Gallic acid | Protocatechuic acid | Hydroxybenzoic acid | Vanillic acid | Caffeic acid | Ferulic acid | Syringic acid | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Abbey | X 95.80 ± 3.71 | - | - | - | - | - | 10.36 ± 1.150 | |||||||||||
| 2 | Black | 24.37 ± 0.41 | 28.43 ± 0.26 | 12.33 ± 0.25 | - | - | 1.49 ± 0.06 | - | |||||||||||
| 3 | Black | 70.43 ± 6.51 | - | - | - | - | - | 6.69 ± 0.13 | |||||||||||
| 4 | Black | 68.62 ± 2.90 | - | - | - | - | - | 8.38 ± 0.18 | |||||||||||
| 5 | White | - | 3.51 ± 0.56 | - | - | - | - | 5.56 ± 0.58 | |||||||||||
| 6 | White | 52.64 ± 3.09 | - | - | - | - | - | 11.67 ± 0.06 | |||||||||||
| 7 | White | 48.12 ± 7.13 | - | - | - | - | - | 9.25 ± 0.63 | |||||||||||
| 8 | White | 45.03 ± 1.27 | - | - | - | - | - | 7.24 ± 0.15 | |||||||||||
| 9 | White | 67.77 ± 3.89 | - | - | - | - | - | 11.33 ± 0.94 | |||||||||||
| 10 | White | 46.46 ± 3.09 | - | - | - | - | - | 6.81 ± 0.74 | |||||||||||
| 11 | White | 45.07 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - | - | 5.89 ± 0.60 | |||||||||||
| 12 | White Non-alcoholic | 79.76 ± 11.19 | - | - | - | - | - | 12.40 ± 1.62 | |||||||||||
| 13 | Black Non-alcoholic | 76.93 ± 7.42 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
| 14 | Lemon Non-alcoholic | 25.08 ± 0.35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
| 15 | Lemon | 35.76 ± 3.47 | - | - | - | - | 0.31 ± 0.00 | 4.05 ± 0.43 | |||||||||||
| 16 | Lemon | 25.01 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.87 ± 0.01 | |||||||||||
| 17 | 90 years (edition) | 72.67 ± 5.50 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.26 ± 0.10 | |||||||||||
| 18 | Bohemia wheat | 64.62 ± 1.91 | - | - | 1.33 ± 0.09 | - | - | 3.47 ± 0.28 | |||||||||||
| 19 | Bohemia pure malt | 80.27 ± 12.68 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.72 ± 0.39 | |||||||||||
| 20 | Bohemia original | 60.87 ± 5.14 | - | - | - | - | - | 7.54 ± 0.50 | |||||||||||
| 21 | Bohemia IPA | 71.70 ± 1.33 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.56 ± 0.13 | |||||||||||
| 22 | Red fruits | 46.65 ± 3.96 | - | - | - | 29.24 ± 3.638 | - | 3.20 ± 0.42 | |||||||||||
| 23 | Panache | 29.21 ± 4.11 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.28 ± 0.31 | |||||||||||
| Flavonoids | |||||||||||||||||||
| Phenolic compounds (ug/mL) Samples | Kaempferol | Catechin | Kaempferol-3-O-(malonyl)glucoside | Epicatechin | Kaempferol-3-O-(6”-O-manonyl)glucoside) | Quercetin | Rutin (Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) | Kaempferol-3-O-xylosylglucoside | Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside | Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside | Gallocatechin | ||||||||
| 1 | Abbey | X 0.20 ± 0.03 | 40.82 ± 5.26 | - | 215.10 ± 22.58 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 63.59 ± 7.84 | |||||||
| 2 | Black | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 86.47 ± 5.31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
| 3 | Black | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 18.91 ± 0.40 | - | 93.32 ± 8.559 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 95.23 ± 10.25 | |||||||
| 4 | Black | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 31.49 ± 0.27 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 66.50 ± 2.40 | |||||||
| 5 | White | - | 96.13 ± 17.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.44 ± 2.87 | |||||||
| 6 | White | - | 78.97 ± 1.30 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 58.57 ± 0.00 | |||||||
| 7 | White | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 2.27 ± 0.10 | - | 28.45 ± 3.15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 29.94 ± 2.19 | |||||||
| 8 | White | - | 1.41 ± 0.01 | - | 43.48 ± 1.84 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 27.19 ± 1.47 | |||||||
| 9 | White | - | 2.30 ± 0.21 | - | 87.71 ± 3.84 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 86.70 ± 1.89 | |||||||
| 10 | White | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 3.37 ± 0.40 | - | 45.47 ± 6.30 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.88 ± 1.03 | |||||||
| 11 | White | - | - | - | 64.89 ± 0.12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 37.76 ± 0.40 | |||||||
| 12 | White Non-alcoholic | - | - | - | 144.20 ± 20.56 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 89.63 ± 2.01 | |||||||
| 13 | Black Non-alcoholic | - | 3.87 ± 0.00 | - | 86.26 ± 2.47 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 76.18 ± 0.23 | |||||||
| 14 | Lemon Non-alcoholic | - | - | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 40.11 ± 3.52 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 0.66 ± 0.03 | 2.00 ± 0.20 | 1.67 ± 0.12 | 0.21 ± 0.00 | - | 144.00 ± 10.93 | |||||||
| 15 | Lemon | - | 44.10 ± 5.42 | - | 3.28 ± 0.18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 83.50 ± 2.00 | |||||||
| 16 | Lemon | - | - | 0.391 ± 0.01 | 7.94 ± 0.48 | 0.44 ± 0.01 | 0.73 ± 0.03 | 0.46 ± 0.02 | 1.73 ± 0.08 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | - | 73.89 ± 0.58 | |||||||
| 17 | 90 years (edition) | 0.13 ± 0.02 | - | 1.07 ± 0.11 | 197.50 ± 18.23 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 74.00 ± 1.37 | |||||||
| 18 | Bohemia wheat | - | - | - | 221.50 ± 10.91 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 53.95 ± 1.26 | |||||||
| 19 | Bohemia pure malt | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 155.30 ± 2.10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 43.88 ± 0.76 | |||||||
| 20 | Bohemia original | 0.14 ± 0.02 | - | - | 35.61 ± 2.88 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 47.87 ± 4.05 | |||||||
| 21 | Bohemia IPA | - | 2.60 ± 0.11 | - | 158.50 ± 3.16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 48.74 ± 2.26 | |||||||
| 22 | Red fruits | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 6.81 ± 0.88 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 11.34 ± 1.12 | 0.44 ± 0.07 | 0.27 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | a | 137.80 ± 7.12 | |||||||
| 23 | Panache | 0.06 ± 0.04 | - | - | 21.08 ± 1.82 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 72.56 ± 7.40 | |||||||
X Data presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). (a) An anthocyanidin has been identified, namely a delphinidin.