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As a result of the plasmon decay, the formation of charge carriers can produce a direct or an indirect charge transfer. (A) The direct transfer allows the excited electron to directly occupy an empty higher energy level. (B) Indirect transfer requires the formation of an electronic distribution, then an excited electron can be transferred into an absorbate orbital. Adapted with permission from Boerigter et al. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 10545, Copyright 2016, SpringerNature [81].
