Table 5.
AORs * with 95% CIs for association of serum retinol and α-tocopherol with advanced fibrosis assessed using BARD and FIB-4.
| NAFLD Assessed by HSI (n = 862) |
NAFLD Assessed by FSI (n = 1094) |
NAFLD Assessed by CNS (n = 2093) |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BARD (n = 416) |
FIB-4 (n = 18) |
BARD (n = 660) |
FIB-4 (n = 40) |
BARD (n = 1554) |
FIB-4 (n = 64) |
|||||||||||||
| AOR | 95% CI | p-Value | AOR | 95% CI | p-Value | AOR | 95% CI | p-Value | AOR | 95% CI | p-Value | AOR | 95% CI | p-Value | AOR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
| Serum retinol | ||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.48 | 0.29, 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.10, 1.90 | 0.27 | 0.58 | 0.38, 0.89 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.15, 1.05 | 0.06 | 0.59 | 0.43, 0.82 | 0.002 | 0.68 | 0.35, 1.34 | 0.27 |
| Q3 | 0.39 | 0.23, 0.65 | 0.001 | 0.18 | 0.03, 1.18 | 0.07 | 0.67 | 0.43, 1.04 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.09, 0.83 | 0.02 | 0.62 | 0.44, 0.86 | 0.004 | 0.43 | 0.20, 0.92 | 0.03 |
| Q4 | 0.57 | 0.34, 0.97 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.02, 0.83 | 0.03 | 1.06 | 0.67, 1.67 | 0.82 | 0.49 | 0.19, 1.25 | 0.13 | 0.80 | 0.56, 1.13 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.12, 0.67 | 0.004 |
| p for trend | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 0.39 | 0.002 | ||||||||||||
| α-tocopherol | ||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Q2 | 0.65 | 0.40, 1.07 | 0.09 | 0.85 | 0.26, 2.77 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.59, 1.36 | 0.60 | 0.53 | 0.21, 1.35 | 0.18 | 0.86 | 0.63, 1.16 | 0.31 | 0.51 | 0.24, 1.08 | 0.08 |
| Q3 | 0.98 | 0.59, 1.63 | 0.95 | 1.10 | 0.27, 4.55 | 0.89 | 1.31 | 0.85, 2.01 | 0.23 | 0.65 | 0.25, 1.66 | 0.37 | 0.94 | 0.69, 1.28 | 0.68 | 0.59 | 0.29, 1.21 | 0.15 |
| Q4 | 0.88 | 0.53, 1.46 | 0.61 | 0.46 | 0.10, 2.25 | 0.34 | 1.51 | 0.97, 2.35 | 0.07 | 0.62 | 0.23, 1.66 | 0.34 | 0.95 | 0.69, 1.31 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 0.26, 1.19 | 0.13 |
| p for trend | 0.94 | 0.75 | 0.02 | 0.36 | 0.91 | 0.14 | ||||||||||||
* The logistic model was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, GFR, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia status, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise status, use of vitamin supplements, and daily dietary intake of vitamin A. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HSI, hepatic steatosis index; FSI, Framingham steatosis index; CNS, comprehensive NAFLD score; BMI, body mass index; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.