Figure 2.

Omics. The approaches (and philosophies) for comprehensively identifying and quantifying genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites are termed genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, respectively. Lipidomics is the subdiscipline of metabolomics that addresses the measurement of polar and nonpolar lipids. Glycomics is the omics devoted to the comprehensive measurement of free and protein-bound glycans (as well as glycolipids, i.e., lipid-bound glycans). The exposome includes all endogenous and exogenous exposures and unites transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and glycomics and includes measurement of anthropogenic molecules. Modified with permission from ref (28) under the Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0). Modified with permission from ref (29). Copyright 2016 Springer Nature.