Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by depression screening, diagnosis and treatment status in 1152 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
| Screening negative (N) (N = 651) | Screening positive but no depressive disorder (S) (N = 55) | Depressive disorder on escitalopram (E) (N = 149) | Depressive disorder on placebo (P) (N = 151) | Depressive disorder on medical treatment only (M) (N = 146) | Statistics for group differencesa | Post-hoc comparisons (p < 0.05) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age, mean (s.d.) year | 58.3 (11.5) | 55.0 (9.4) | 60.0 (11.2) | 60.1 (10.5) | 58.3 (11.6) |
F = 2.753 p = 0.027 |
n-s |
| Sex, N (%) men | 514 (79.0) | 44 (80.0) | 89 (59.7) | 93 (61.6) | 84 (57.5) | χ2 = 51.116 p < 0.001 |
N,S > E,P,M |
| Education, mean (s.d.) year | 10.2 (4.8) | 9.4 (4.4) | 9.4 (4.2) | 9.2 (4.1) | 9.0 (5.1) |
F = 3.166 p = 0.013 |
n-s |
| Unmarried marital status, N (%) | 84 (12.9) | 10 (18.2) | 18 (12.1) | 29 (19.2) | 35 (24.0) | χ2 = 14.698 p = 0.005 |
N,E < M |
| Living alone, N (%) | 54 (8.3) | 6 (10.9) | 12 (8.1) | 16 (10.6) | 24 (16.4) | χ2 = 9.706 p = 0.046 |
N,E < M |
| Rented accommodation, N (%) | 73 (11.2) | 13 (23.6) | 21 (14.1) | 34 (22.5) | 28 (19.2) | χ2 = 19.582 p = 0.001 |
N < S,P,M |
| Unemployed status, N (%) | 217 (33.3) | 22 (40.0) | 71 (47.7) | 73 (48.3) | 67 (45.9) | χ2 = 21.939 p < 0.001 |
N < E,P,M |
| Psychiatric characteristics | |||||||
| HAMD, mean (s.d.) score | 3.2 (2.3) | 7.6 (3.1) | 15.9 (4.8) | 15.6 (4.8) | 10.9 (3.4) |
F = 783.607 p < 0.001 |
N < S,M < E,P |
| HADS-A, mean (s.d.) score | 3.5 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.2) | 6.3 (2.5) | 6.2 (2.4) | 4.3 (1.89) | χ2 = 136.231 p < 0.001 |
N < S,M < E,P |
| Previous depression, N (%) | 20 (3.1) | 1 (1.8) | 6 (4.0) | 7 (4.6) | 8 (5.5) | χ2 = 3.013 p = 0.556 |
n-s |
| Family history of depression, N (%) | 16 (2.5) | 2 (3.6) | 5 (3.4) | 6 (4.0) | 4 (2.7) | χ2 = 1.310 p = 0.860 |
n-s |
| Cardiac risk factors, N (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 283 (43.5) | 21 (38.2) | 90 (60.4) | 94 (62.3) | 68 (46.6) | χ2 = 29.018 p < 0.001 |
N,S,M < E,P |
| Diabetes mellitus | 116 (17.8) | 6 (10.9) | 44 (29.5) | 41 (27.2) | 28 (19.2) | χ2 = 17.746 p = 0.001 |
N,S < E,P M < E |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 324 (49.8) | 26 (47.3) | 73 (49.0) | 71 (47.0) | 78 (53.4) | χ2 = 1.404 p = 0.844 |
n-s |
| Obesity | 283 (43.5) | 23 (41.8) | 59 (39.6) | 65 (43.0) | 60 (41.1) | χ2 = 0.911 p = 0.923 |
n-s |
| Current smoker | 261 (40.1) | 26 (47.3) | 44 (29.5) | 42 (27.8) | 44 (30.1) | χ2 = 16.981 p = 0.002 |
N,S > E,P,M |
| Previous ACS | 19 (2.9) | 4 (7.3) | 8 (5.4) | 11 (7.3) | 8 (5.5) | χ2 = 8.298 p = 0.081 |
n-s |
| Family history of ACS | 11 (1.7) | 6 (10.9) | 9 (6.0) | 8 (5.3) | 5 (3.4) | χ2 = 20.142 p < 0.001 |
N < S,E,P S > M |
| Current cardiac status | |||||||
| Killip class >1, N (%) | 114 (17.5) | 5 (9.1) | 24 (16.1) | 35 (23.2) | 28 (19.2) | χ2 = 6.327 p = 0.176 |
n-s |
| LVEF, mean (s.d.) percent | 61.7 (11.0) | 58.2 (13.8) | 60.4 (11.0) | 61.9 (10.4) | 60.1 (12.6) |
F = 1.983 p = 0.095 |
n-s |
| Troponin I, mean (s.d.) mg/dL | 9.4 (16.0) | 10.2 (17.9) | 9.7 (8.5) | 9.7 (8.0) | 9.6 (16.0) |
F = 0.060 p = 0.993 |
n-s |
| CK-MB, mean (s.d.) mg/dL | 16.4 (39.5) | 23.9 (54.6) | 17.2 (22.0) | 16.3 (20.8) | 18.6 (42.3) |
F = 0.607 p = 0.658 |
n-s |
| Cardiovascular medications | |||||||
| Calcium channel blockers | 204 (31.3) | 18 (32.7) | 51 (34.2) | 59 (39.1) | 45 (30.8) | χ2 = 1.829 p = 0.767 |
n-s |
| Nitrates | 504 (77.4) | 42 (76.4) | 116 (77.9) | 114 (75.5) | 102 (69.9) | χ2 = 0.560 p = 0.967 |
n-s |
| β-blockers | 471 (72.4) | 42 (76.4) | 108 (72.5) | 106 (70.2) | 109 (74.7) | χ2 = 0.183 p = 0.996 |
n-s |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 201 (30.9) | 18 (32.7) | 45 (30.2) | 51 (33.8) | 48 (32.9) | χ2 = 0.394 p = 0.983 |
n-s |
| Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker | 329 (50.4) | 27 (49.1) | 76 (51.0) | 76 (50.3) | 74 (50.7) | χ2 = 0.021 p = 0.999 |
n-s |
| Statins | 482 (74.0) | 41 (74.5) | 119 (79.9) | 116 (76.8) | 108 (74.0) | χ2 = 0.355 p = 0.986 |
n-s |
| Aspirin | 603 (92.7) | 51 (92.7) | 132 (88.6) | 136 (90.1) | 135 (92.5) | χ2 = 0.146 p = 0.997 |
n-s |
| Antiplatelets | 502 (77.1) | 45 (81.8) | 113 (75.8) | 113 (74.8) | 112 (76.7) | χ2 = 0.158 p = 0.997 |
n-s |
| Diuretics | 123 (18.9) | 11 (20.0) | 32 (21.5) | 29 (19.2) | 25 (17.1) | χ2 = 0.650 p = 0.957 |
n-s |
HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety subscale; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB.
a
Analysis of variance or χ2 tests as appropriate.