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. 2021 May 6;28(3):1728–1743. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28030161

Table 3.

Interventions that increased screening participation.

Citation Cancer Screening Type Setting Sample Study Design & Intervention Outcome:
Screening Participation
Muller et al., 2017 [7] Colorectal cancer Anchorage, Alaska 2386 Alaskan Native and Native American men and women, aged 40 to 75 years RCT: Addition of text message reminders to existing electronic reminders Age groups:

  • Age 40–49: 24% increase

  • Age 50–75: 42% increase

  • All ages: 30% * increase
Sandiford et al., 2019 [8] Colorectal cancer New Zealand 7601 Māori, Pacific, and Asian men and women, aged 50 to 74 years RCT: Addition of a telephone call to existing letter reminders Ethnic groups:

  • Māori: 5.2% * increase

  • Pacific: 3.6% * increase

  • Asian: 0.7% increase
MacDonald et al., 2021 [9] Cervical Cancer Northland, New Zealand 931 Māori women, aged 25–69 years RCT: Addition of HPV self-test

  • Standard care: 21.8% screened

  • HPV self-test: 59.0% screened (2.8 * times higher)
Haverkamp et al., 2020 [10] Colorectal cancer Southwest United States 1288 Alaskan Natives and American Indians RCT: Addition of mailed FIT kits or mailed FIT kits plus follow-up outreach by phone/home visit

  • Standard care: 6.4% screened

  • Mailed FIT kit: 16.9% * screened

  • Mailed FIT kit + outreach: 18.8% * screened
Chow et al., 2020 [11] Breast, cervical, colorectal cancer Wequedong Lodge in Ontario First Nations men and women, aged 50–74 years (breast and colorectal) and 21–69 years (cervical) Pilot study:
Education and opportunistic cancer screening		 Year:

  • 2014–2015: 62% increase

  • 2015–2016: 68% increase
Mema et al., 2017 [5] Cervical and colorectal cancer Northern Alberta First Nations, Métis and Hutterite women, aged 50 to 74 years Pilot study:
Integration of cervical and colorectal screening with the Screen Test mobile mammography program		 Cancer type: Total screened:
Usual Practice (Screen-Test mobile mammography)

  • Cervical: 10.1%

  • Colorectal: 10.9%

Integrated Approach (Screen-Test-EACS)

  • Cervical: 27.5%

  • Colorectal: 22.5%
Dorrington et al., 2015 [12] Cervical cancer Australia Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, aged 18 to 70 years PDSA Cycles:
translational research and continuous quality improvement		 Year:
2012: 40% * increase

* Statistically significant (p value < 0.05), RCT = randomized controlled trial, EACS = Enhanced Access to Colorectal and Cervical Screening, PDSA = Plan-Do-Study-Act.