Table 1.
Association of hyperuricemia with kidney outcomes (the hyperuricemia question).
| Comparisons | New onset stage 3 or more CKD | New onset albuminuria | Kidney failure | New onset rapid decline of eGFR (⩾3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest versus lowest sUA tertile/quartile/quintile | sUA quartiles: OR/HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.74–2.61, p < 0.00001, I2 of 80%*§; very low certainty evidence (n = 20) | sUA tertiles: OR/HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.34–2.79, p = 0.0004, I2 of 81%; multivariable adjusted¶; very low certainty evidence (n = 8) | sUA tertiles: HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.18–1.99, p = 0.001, I2 of 79%; multivariable adjusted§; very low certainty evidence (n = 9) | sUA quintiles: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.20– 1.59, p < 0.00001, I2 of 0%; multivariable adjusted§; low certainty evidence (n = 4) |
| Hyperuricemia versus normouricemia | OR/HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.50– 2.13, p < 0.00001, I2 of 38%; multivariable adjusted†¶; very low certainty evidence (n = 6) | OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.06–8.77, p = 0.04, I2 of 83%; multivariable adjusted¶; low certainty evidence (n = 2) | HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.23–3.51, p = 006, I2 of 91%; multivariable adjusted§; low certainty evidence (n = 6) | No data |
| Every 1 mg/dl increase of sUA | OR/HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09–1.22, p < 0.00001, I2 of 68%; multivariable adjusted§; very low certainty evidence (n = 11) | OR/HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10–1.53, p = 0.002, I2 of 63%‡§; very low certainty evidence (n = 5) | HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.12, p = 0.01, I2 of 81%; multivariable adjusted§; very low certainty evidence (n = 10) | OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.14–1.30, p < 0.00001, I2 of 36%; multivariable adjusted§; very low certainty evidence (n = 5) |
*
Separate analyses for OR and HR were significant for CKD stage 3 or higher.
†
Corresponding separate analyses for OR and HR were significant for CKD.
‡
Separate analyses of OR and HR, which were significant for albuminuria.
§
Regardless of baseline kidney function.
¶
Normal baseline kidney function.
CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; sUA, serum urate.