Table 3.
Factors associated with benzodiazepine and z-drugs use in older adults in 2013 in univariate and multivariable logistic regression.a
| Variables | Univariate model (N = 1286) | Multivariable model (N = 1225) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | |
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||
| Female | 1.68 (1.25; 2.28) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.14; 2.29) | 0.007 |
| Geriatric factors | ||||
| Low BMI (<21 kg/m²) | 1.64 (0.98; 2.64) | 0.051 | 2.02 (1.13; 3.50) | 0.015 |
| Fall in the past 12 months | 2.48 (1.77; 3.46) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.02; 2.26) | 0.037 |
| (Mental) health indicators | ||||
| Reporting sleeping disorderb | 2.58 (1.91; 3.48) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.35; 2.72) | <0.001 |
| Mean score of positive mental health (SF-36 Vitality Index) | ||||
| ⩾50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| <50 | 3.23 (2.32; 4.50) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.13; 2.63) | 0.011 |
| Missing data (n = 163) | 1.46 (0.91; 2.28) | 0.101 | 1.18 (0.68; 1.98) | 0.552 |
| EQ-5D-5L scorec | 0.05 (0.02; 0.09) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.14; 0.84) | 0.019 |
| Medication use | ||||
| Number of medications BZRA excluded | ||||
| 0–4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 5–9 (polypharmacy) | 3.24 (2.36; 4.46) | <0.001 | 2.51 (1.75; 3.60) | <0.001 |
| ⩾10 (severe polypharmacy) | 5.73 (2.98; 10.86) | <0.001 | 2.82 (1.30; 6.04) | 0.008 |
| Trazodone use | 7.01 (3.28; 15.37) | <0.001 | 4.05 (1.64; 10.21) | 0.003 |
| Other antidepressants use (antidepressants except trazodone, SSRI and tricyclic antidepressant or mirtazapine) | 4.80 (2.20; 10.42) | <0.001 | 2.91 (1.16; 7.39) | 0.022 |
| Healthcare services use | ||||
| Number of contacts with GP in the past 2 months | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 1 | 2.39 (1.60; 3.64) | <0.001 | 1.89 (1.22; 3.02) | 0.004 |
| ⩾2 | 4.69 (3.11; 7.22) | <0.001 | 2.15 (1.33; 3.51) | 0.002 |
a
The complete univariate analysis is available in Supplemental Table S2. All variables that were candidate for the final model are listed in Supplemental Table S3.
b
2 missing values (n = 2/1286; 0.2%).
c
52 missing values (n = 52/1286; 4.0%).
CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; BZRA, benzodiazepines receptors agonists (ATC N05BA, N05CD, and N05CF); EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol 5 dimensions, 5 levels; GP, general practitioner; OR, odds ratio; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.