Table 1.
Baseline and clinical characteristics of patients with hypophosphatemia (Phosphate < 0.74 mmol/L)), normophosphatemia (Phosphate 0.74-1.52 mmol/L) and hyperphosphatemia (Phosphate > 1.52 mmol/L)
| Variable | Hypophosphatemia group N = 188 |
Normophosphatemia group N = 865 |
Hyperphosphatemia group N = 369 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (Q1, Q3) | 62 (42, 75) | 67 (50, 76) | 66 (56, 75) | 0.09 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 87 (46.3) | 353 (40.8) | 156 (42.3) | 0.38 |
| Admission category, n (%) | ||||
| Medical | 185 (98.4) | 849 (98.2) | 362 (98.1) | 0.94 |
| Surgical | 3 (1.6) | 15 (1.7) | 6 (1.6) | |
| Non-operative trauma | 0 (0) | 1 (0.12) | 1 (0.3) | |
| APACHE II, median (Q1, Q3) | 19 (15, 24) | 21 (16, 26) | 26 (21, 30) | < 0.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 83 (44.2) | 411 (47.5) | 233 (63.1) | < 0.0001 |
| GCS, median (Q1, Q3) | 14 (10, 15) | 14 (10, 15) | 13 (8, 15) | 0.006 |
| Vasopressor, n (%) | 84 (44.7) | 406 (46.9) | 242 (65.6) | < 0.0001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, median (Q1, Q3) | 216 (132, 316) | 216 (132, 316) | 171 (108, 361) | < 0.0001 |
| Chronic comorbidities- n (%) | ||||
| Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 7 (3.7) | 56 (6.5) | 17 (4.6) | 0.20 |
| Chronic cardiac disease, n (%) | 30 (15.9) | 252 (29.1) | 133 (36.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 14 (7.5) | 48 (5.6) | 36 (9.8) | 0.03 |
| Chronic immunosuppression, n (%) | 43 (22.9) | 177 (20.5) | 58 (15.7) | 0.07 |
| Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 4 (2.1) | 19 (2.2) | 25 (6.8) | 0.0001 |
| Acute Kidney Injury, n (%) | 14 (7.5) | 144 (16.7) | 132 (35.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 8 (4.3) | 64 (7.4) | 78 (21.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 67 (50,98) | 90 (60,154) | 188 (111, 302) | < 0.0001 |
| INR, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.5 (1.2, 2) | < 0.0001 |
| Platelet (109/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 164 (89, 255) | 203 (119.5, 308) | 164 (90, 289) | < 0.0001 |
| Average phosphate level (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 1.09 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Lactic acid (μmol/L), median (Q1,Q3) | 2.2 (1.3, 4.3) | 1.9 (1.2, 3.3) | 3.09 (1.5, 6.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Estimated GFR, median (Q1, Q3) | 93.6 (58.5, 139.5) | 70.4 (37.2, 117.1) | 27.6 (17.6, 54.1) | < 0.0001 |
APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, INR International Normalized Ratio, Q1 the first quartile, Q3 the third quartile