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Structures of main HMOs. HMO is made up of five basic units: Sia, GlcNAc, Fuc, Gal, and Glc [28]. All HMOs contain a lactose core which can be further lengthened by LNB (type-1 chain) or N-acetyllactosamine (type-2 chain) via either β1–3 or β1–6 linkage [30]. Based on the core HMO structures are sialylated and/or fucosylated, they can be mainly classified into three groups: FucOS, SiaOS, and neutral OS [30]. Structures of the main HMO are showed
