Fig. 2. (a) The absorption spectra of BIBCl–PAE NPs and GSH-treated BIBCl–PAE NPs. Absorption spectra of ABDA at different time points in the presence of (b) BIBCl–PAE NPs without GSH and (c) BIBCl–PAE NPs with GSH. (d) The absorbance changes of ABDA at 378 nm in the presence of different samples. (e) The ESR spectra to detect ¹O₂ generated by BIBCl–PAE NPs under panchromatic light illumination, using Temp as the spin trappers. (f) The absorbance changes of ABDA at 378 nm in the presence of different samples.