Table 2.
Main constructs used in regression analyses (N = 83)
| Construct | Items | Factor loading |
|---|---|---|
| Process quality | Quality of care | .779 |
| Factor analysis AVE: 63.5% | (Process) innovations and new ideas | .757 |
| Cronbach’s α: .697 | Evidence-based care | .851 |
| Patient-oriented care | Empathic care | .725 |
| Factor analysis AVE: 58.0% | Patient-centered care | .817 |
| Cronbach’s α: .636 | Patient satisfaction | .739 |
| Operational performance | Productivity | .735 |
| Factor analysis AVE: 56.8% | Realization of production targets | .678 |
| Cronbach’s α: .609 | Efficiency | .840 |
| Collective work culture | Employees share norms and values | .691 |
| Factor analysis AVE: 57.9% | Importance of joint meetings | .815 |
| Cronbach’s α: .757 | Aligning shared goals in meetings | .803 |
| Clarity of behavior expectations | .728 | |
| PMS exploratory use | Goal communication | .878 |
| Factor analysis AVE: 82.8% | Assessing objectives and policies | .950 |
| Cronbach’s α: .885 | Revising the unit’s policies | .900 |
| PMS operational use | Operational planning | .835 |
| Factor analysis AVE: 63.6% | Budget allocation | .713 |
| Cronbach’s α: .695 | Monitoring of processes | .837 |
| PMS incentive-oriented use | Career-related decisions | .908 |
| Factor analysis AVE: 82.4% | Financial rewards | .908 |
| Cronbach’s α: .775 |
Note. The three types of PMS use (exploratory, operational and incentive-oriented use) are second-order constructs. PMS = performance measurement system; AVE = average variance extracted.