. 2021 Apr 28;44(3):172–176. doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000542

TABLE 2. Mean Reported Pain and Anxiety Scores Pre- and Postintervention in the Study Sample (N = 199).

	Intervention		Controls		Significance^a	Significance^b
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Significance^a	Significance^b
Pain
Pre	0.72	1.60	0.64	1.38	.692	.807
Post	1.65	1.94	2.27	2.25	.037^*	.034^*
Pain change	0.93	2.00	1.63	2.24	.021^*	.026^*
Anxiety
Pre	2.56	2.71	2.87	2.93	.442	.381
Post	2.55	2.60	2.84	2.72	.436	.384
Anxiety change	0.01	2.81	−0.03	2.91	.921	.900

Note. NPO = nothing per oral.

^aIndependent-samples t test.

^bMultivariate linear regression adjusting for NPO.

*indicates statistically significant finding.