Optimization of the reaction conditions for the cross-coupling of unsymmetrical internal alkynesa.
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entry | Ligand | Additive | Yield of 5bab (%) | ee of 5bac (%) | rrd |
| 1e | (S)-L1 | — | <5 | — | — |
| 2 | (S)-L1 | A1 | 64 | 92 | 20/1 |
| 3 | (S)-L1 | A2 | 29 | 92 | 20/1 |
| 4 | (S)-L1 | A3 | 31 | 92 | 20/1 |
| 5 | (S)-L1 | A4 | 58 | 92 | 20/1 |
| 6 | (S)-L1 | NEt3 | 0 | — | — |
| 7 | (S)-L1 | PPh3 | 0 | — | — |
| 8 | (S)-L1 | P(OEt)3 | 0 | — | — |
| 9 | (S)-L2 | A1 | 62 | 88 | 20/1 |
| 10 | (S)-BINAP | A1 | 0 | — | — |
| 11 | L6 | A1 | 24 | 35 | 20/1 |
| 12f | (S)-L1 | A1 | No reaction | — | — |
| 13g | (S)-L1 | A1 | Complex mixture of products | — | — |
Reactions were carried out with 1b (0.2 mmol), 4a (0.1 mmol), Ni(OAc)2·4H2O (10 mol%), ligand (20 mol%), Zn0 (0.3 mmol) and additive (0.1 mmol) in 1 mL TFE (0.1 M) at 80 °C, unless noted otherwise.
Yields are of isolated products.
Determined by HPLC analysis on a chiral stationary phase.
5ab/5ab′.
Using TFE/HFIP (4/1) or TFE as solvent.
4b was used instead of 4a.
4c was used instead of 4a.