Table 1.
Demographics of patients presenting with GI symptoms who received HL
| N | Percentages | |
| Total number of ED visits | 410 | |
| Total number of patients | 281 | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 185 | 65.84 |
| Male | 96 | 34.16 |
| Race | ||
| African American | 147 | 52.31 |
| Latino | 56 | 19.93 |
| White | 47 | 16.73 |
| Other | 31 | 11.03 |
| Diabetes | ||
| Nondiabetic | 190 | 67.62 |
| Diabetes | ||
| Insulin-dependent diabetes | 69 | 24.56 |
| Non–insulin-dependent diabetes | 21 | 7.47 |
| Total | 90 | 32.38 |
| Mean age ± SD | 37.27 ± 13.09 | |
| Mean BMI ± SD | 27.07 ± 6.68 | |
| Top ICD-10 diagnosis codes | ||
| 1: Nausea with vomiting, unspecified (R11.2) | 125 | 31.46 |
| 2: Gastroparesis (K31.84) | 70 | 17.07 |
| 3: Cyclical vomiting (G43.A0) | 38 | 9.76 |
| 4: Vomiting, unspecified (R11.10) | 32 | 7.80 |
| 5: Cyclical vomiting, intractable (G43.A1) | 21 | 5.12 |
| Cannabinoid | 280 | 68.29 |
| Chronic opioids | 109 | 26.59 |
| Underlying GI disorder | ||
| Gastroparesis | 163 | 39.76 |
| CHS | 116 | 28.29 |
| CVS | 43 | 10.49 |
| PUD | 24 | 5.85 |
| Chronic abdominal pain | 15 | 3.66 |
| GERD | 7 | 1.71 |
| Psychiatric disorders | ||
| Anxiety | 52 | 18.51 |
| Depression | 68 | 24.20 |
| Bipolar disorder | 16 | 5.69 |
| Schizophrenia | 6 | 2.14 |
| Presenting symptom | ||
| Nausea | 403 | 98.29 |
| Vomiting | 403 | 98.29 |
| Abdominal pain | 341 | 83.17 |
| Mean timing of HL (number of times given) ± SD | 1.11 ± 0.33 | |
| Median dose of HL (mg) ± IQR | 2.5 ± 3.0 | |
| Received 2nd doses | 42 | 10.24 |
| Received 3rd doses | 2 | 0.49 |
| HL was the first medication given | 143 | 34.88 |
| HL was the only medication given | 52 | 12.68 |
| Rout | ||
| IV | 347 | 84.63 |
| IM | 100 | 24.39 |
| PO | 5 | 1.22 |
| EKGs performed before HL | 151 | 36.83 |
| EKGs performed after HL | 105 | 25.61 |
| Mean QTc (mm) ± SD before HL was given | 450.43 ± 38.26 | |
| Mean QTc (mm) ± SD after HL was given | 458.87 ± 34.28 | |
| Other medications given during the ED visit | ||
| None | 52 | 12.68 |
| Opioids | 142 | 34.63 |
| Antiemetic medications | 287 | 70.00 |
| Benzodiazepines | 53 | 12.93 |
| H1-blockers, H2-blockers, and PPIs | 168 | 40.98 |
| ED total LOS (hr) ± SD | 7.53 ± 3.91 | |
| ED LOS before HL (hr) ± SD | 3.16 ± 2.09 | |
| ED LOS after HL (hr) ± SD | 4.39 ± 3.41 | |
| Side effects associated with HL | ||
| None | 392 | 95.61 |
| Sedation | 15 | 3.66 |
| Dystonia | 2 | 0.49 |
| Akathisia | 0 | 0.00 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 0 | 0.00 |
| Disposition | ||
| Home | 232 | 56.59 |
| Hospital admission | 177 | 43.17 |
| Transfer | 0 | 0.00 |
| Reason for admission to hospital | ||
| Nausea | 144 | 81.36 |
| Vomiting | 147 | 83.06 |
| Abdominal pain | 118 | 66.70 |
| Other | 52 | 29.38 |
| Length of hospital stay (d) ± SD | 3.49 ± 4.02 | |
| Return to the ED within 30 d of discharge | 136 | 33.17 |
| Mean days of return to the ED ± SD | 11.48 ± 8.97 | |
| Was there any outpatient follow-up? | 79 | 19.27 |
BMI, body mass index; CHS, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome; CVS, cyclic vomiting syndrome; ED, emergency department; EKG, electrocardiogram; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; GI, gastrointestinal; H1 and H2, histamine 1 and 2 receptors; HL, haloperidol; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; IM, intramuscularly; IQR, interquartile range; IV, intravenous; LOS, length of stay; PO, oral; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; QTc, corrected QT interval.