TABLE 4.
Risk Factors for 30-d Mortality of Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients During the First and Second Waves of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
| Parameter | n | Univariate | Multivariate (n = 960) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | pa | HR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Wave (s) | 1,003 | 0.75 (0.56–1.02) | 0.066 | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 0.019 |
| Age (yr) | 1,003 | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | <0.0001 | 1.08 (1.06–1.09) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 766 | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.43 | ||
| Gender (male) | 1,003 | 1.28 (0.93–1.75) | 0.13 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease (yes) | 1,003 | 1.67 (1.15–2.43) | 0.0069 | ||
| Diabetes (yes) | 1,003 | 0.81 (0.60–1.103) | 0.18 | ||
| Hypertension (yes) | 1,003 | 1.33 (0.98–1.81) | 0.070 | ||
| Total bilirubin on hospital admission (mg/dL, Ln) | 976 | 1.06 (0.82–1.36) | 0.68 | ||
| C-reactive protein on hospital admission (mg/L) | 984 | 1.002 (1.0001–1.003) | 0.053 | 1.002 (1.001–1.004) | 0.0064 |
| Creatinine on hospital admission (mg/dL, Ln) | 982 | 1.68 (1.32–2.13) | <0.0001 | 1.87 (1.39–2.50) | <0.0001 |
| d-dimers on hospital admission (µg/L, Ln) | 849 | 1.20 (1.04–1.38) | 0.012 | ||
| Procalcitonin on hospital admission (µg/L, Ln) | 847 | 1.32 (1.20–1.45) | <0.0001 | ||
| Ferritin on hospital admission (µg/L, Ln) | 266 | 1.30 (0.99–1.69) | 0.053 | ||
| Fibrinogen on hospital admission (g/L) | 965 | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.098 | ||
| Lactate dehydrogenase on hospital admission (U/L, Ln) | 927 | 1.95 (1.40–2.71) | <0.0001 | ||
| Lymphocyte count on hospital admission (103/mm3, Ln) | 981 | 0.75 (0.58–0.97) | 0.027 | ||
| Platelet count on hospital admission (103/mm3, Ln) | 981 | 0.71 (0.50–0.99) | 0.044 | 0.68 (0.48–0.97) | 0.033 |
| Oxygen saturation on hospital admission (%) | 998 | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 0.0010 | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory frequency on hospital admission (beats/min, Ln) | 900 | 1.82 (1.25–2.66) | 0.0018 | ||
| Heart rate on hospital admission (beats/min, Ln) | 1,003 | 1.002(0.99–1.01) | 0.70 | ||
| Mean arterial pressure on hospital admission (mm Hg, Ln) | 1,003 | 0.99 (0.98–0.995) | 0.0031 | ||
| Temperature on hospital admission (°C, Ln) | 991 | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) | 0.24 | ||
HR = hazard ratio, Ln = Neperian logarithm.
Cox regression models are used to assess risk factors of mortality. All the variables with p < 0.1 were selected for the multivariate model.
aAdjusted for wave.