TABLE 1.
Clinical Characterization of the HemoSpec Patients
| Characteristics | Inflammation | Infection | Sepsisa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 24 | 19 | 18 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 15 (63) | 13 (68) | 15 (83) |
| Age, median (interquartile range) | 70 (63–77) | 73 (70–83) | 64 (59–75) |
| SIRS after cardiac surgery, n (%) | 22 (92) | ||
| SIRS after traumatic brain injury, n (%) | 1 (4) | ||
| SIRS after liver resection, n (%) | 1 (4) | ||
| Infection microbiologically proven, n (%) | 9 (47) | 13 (72) | |
| Respiratory tract infection, n (%) | 13 (68) | 6 (33) | |
| Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 3 (16) | 2 (11) | |
| Abdominal infection, n (%) | 4 (22) | ||
| Wounds or soft-tissue infection, n (%) | 4 (22) | ||
| Other or unknown infection focus, n (%) | 3 (16) | 2 (11) | |
| Hypo- or hyperthermia, n (%) | 5 (21) | 5 (26) | 7 (39) |
| Tachycardia, n (%) | 10 (42) | 10 (53) | 17 (94) |
| Tachypnea or ventilation, n (%) | 22 (92) | 6 (32) | 17 (94) |
| Leukocytosis, leukopenia, or left shift, n (%) | 10 (42) | 9 (47) | 15 (83) |
| Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II, median (interquartile range) | 21 (11–23) | 16 (15–23)11,b | 21 (16–32) |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, median (interquartile range) | 7 (4–8) | 6 (3–9)11,b | 8 (7–12) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L, median (interquartile range) | 3.9 (2–10) | 156 (92–187) | 216 (85–327) |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL, median (interquartile range) | 228 (143–450) | 43 (16–92) | 617 (148–3,000) |
| Procalcitonin in ng/mL, median (interquartile range) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.4 (0.16–1.8) | 3.4 (1.2–13.5) |
| Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, ng/mL, median (interquartile range) | 2.5 (1.8–2.9)7 | 4.4 (3.0–8.8) | 10.3 (6.1–14.7)2 |
| Leukocytes Giga particles per litre, median (interquartile range) | 10 (8.9–14.5) | 10.5 (6.9–12.0)1 | 18.5 (9.6–23.0) |
| Relative neutrophil count, %, median (interquartile range) | 82 (76–83)5 | 80 (73–87)2 | 86 (83–88)2 |
| Relative lymphocyte count, %, median (interquartile range) | 13 (10–17)5 | 9 (6–14)2 | 5 (2–9)2 |
| Relative monocyte count, %, median (interquartile range) | 6 (5–8)5 | 8 (7–9)2 | 6 (5–7)2 |
SIRS = systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
aSepsis: sepsis or septic shock according to Sepsis-3 definition.
bScores are missing for 11 ward patients never treated in the ICU in the infection group.
n indicates the number of missing values in each group.