TABLE 1.

Data from standard urinalysis, including visual inspection, dipstick testing, light microscopy, and aerobic culture (n = 50 dogs)

Color	Light yellow		Yellow			Dark yellow
	2		47			1
Clarity	Clear				Cloudy
	48				2
Specific gravity	1.037 (1.005‐1.056)
pH	6.6 (5.0‐9.0)
	Neg.	Trace		1+	2+		3+	4+
Protein	30	14		1	3		2	0
Glucose	49	1		0	0		0	0
Ketones	50	0		0	0		0	0
Bilirubin	49	0		0	1		0	0
Hemoglobin	37	7		2	1		1	2
Leukocytes/HPF	None	Rare	0‐3	3‐5	5‐10	25‐50	75‐100	>100	>>100
	28	3	16	1	0	2	0	0	0
Erythrocytes	29	4	6	6	1	1	1	1	1
Epithelial cells	None		Rare		Few		1+
	1		32		16		1
Casts	None		Occasional			Granular 1+
	47		2			1
Crystals (struvite)	None	Occasional		1+		2+		4+
	35	2		4		8		1
Culture	Negative				Positive
	50				0
Body condition score	1‐4	5		6		7		8
	0	33		11		1		2
Age (y)	4.7 ± 3.0
Weight (kg)	23.6 ± 11.1

Note: Mean, minimum, and maximum values are included for specific gravity and pH measurements; mean ± SD for age and body weight.

Abbreviation: HPF, high‐power field.