Table 3. The effect of motivations on behavior.
| Private Behaviors | Washing Hands | Wear Mask | Visit Family | Social 10+ |
| Netherlands | 0.0599 | -0.81*** | 0.175 | 0.0196 |
| (0.0991) | (0.124) | (0.107) | (0.141) | |
| Changed Behavior | -0.135 | -0.140 | -0.161 | -0.250 |
| (0.139) | (0.144) | (0.159) | (0.215) | |
| Motivation: Self-Protection | 0.240** | 0.414*** | -0.215* | 0.191 |
| (0.115) | (0.113) | (0.127) | (0.180) | |
| Motivation: Protect Family | 0.516*** | 0.0700 | 0.0255 | -0.166 |
| (0.101) | (0.0944) | (0.119) | (0.152) | |
| Motivation: Protect Public | 0.207** | 0.0350 | -0.0853 | -0.0501 |
| (0.0962) | (0.0774) | (0.101) | (0.135) | |
| Motivation: Conformity | -0.139 | -0.32*** | 0.111 | 0.260 |
| (0.119) | (0.107) | (0.128) | (0.163) | |
| Motivation: Family/ Friends Recommend | -0.176 | 0.112 | 0.311** | 0.0469 |
| (0.145) | (0.122) | (0.145) | (0.200) | |
| Motivation: Physician Recommendation | 0.107 | -0.0340 | 0.0341 | -0.254* |
| (0.0948) | (0.0783) | (0.101) | (0.139) | |
| Motivation: Politian Recommendation | 0.135 | 0.0934 | -0.147 | -0.101 |
| (0.110) | (0.0869) | (0.117) | (0.159) | |
| Motivation: Legal Restrictions | 0.0746 | -0.0485 | -0.244** | -0.0987 |
| (0.100) | (0.0821) | (0.110) | (0.148) | |
| Netherlands*Changed Behavior | 0.175 | 0.237 | 0.0720 | 0.470* |
| (0.178) | (0.214) | (0.194) | (0.259) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Self-Protection | 0.0318 | -0.340** | 0.0152 | -0.462** |
| (0.149) | (0.171) | (0.159) | (0.215) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Protect Family | -0.321** | 0.0947 | 0.0188 | 0.0897 |
| (0.132) | (0.145) | (0.147) | (0.188) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Protect Public | -0.0129 | -0.187 | -0.170 | -0.117 |
| (0.124) | (0.122) | (0.126) | (0.170) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Conformity | -0.120 | 0.139 | -0.0324 | -0.282 |
| (0.155) | (0.178) | (0.162) | (0.210) | |
| NL*Motivation: Family/ Friends Recom. | 0.0580 | 0.335* | -0.0697 | 0.240 |
| (0.194) | (0.189) | (0.190) | (0.253) | |
| NL*Motivation: Physician Recommend | 0.136 | 0.0396 | -0.231* | -0.0229 |
| (0.124) | (0.123) | (0.126) | (0.175) | |
| NL*Motivation: Politician Recommend | -0.0664 | -0.47*** | 0.0397 | 0.188 |
| (0.136) | (0.133) | (0.141) | (0.190) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Legal | -0.0414 | -0.240* | 0.260* | 0.0979 |
| (0.132) | (0.141) | (0.138) | (0.185) | |
| Public Behaviors | Shopping Mall | Parks | Run Errands | Public Transport |
| Netherlands | 0.216** | 0.102 | 0.186* | -0.0911 |
| (0.103) | (0.112) | (0.0963) | (0.143) | |
| Changed Behavior | -0.00195 | -0.0274 | -0.119 | -0.167 |
| (0.146) | (0.154) | (0.135) | (0.192) | |
| Motivation: Self-Protection | -0.111 | 0.0676 | -0.0919 | 0.0963 |
| (0.118) | (0.122) | (0.108) | (0.157) | |
| Motivation: Protect Family | -0.144 | -0.0514 | 0.0135 | -0.286** |
| (0.103) | (0.104) | (0.0952) | (0.133) | |
| Motivation: Protect Public | 0.0281 | 0.0661 | 0.0500 | -0.0451 |
| (0.0916) | (0.0881) | (0.0806) | (0.122) | |
| Motivation: Conformity | 0.274** | 0.0536 | 0.0696 | 0.272* |
| (0.113) | (0.115) | (0.106) | (0.150) | |
| Motivation: Family/ Friends Recommend | 0.117 | 0.0353 | 0.203 | 0.334** |
| (0.138) | (0.137) | (0.125) | (0.168) | |
| Motivation: Physician Recommendation | -0.160* | -0.0199 | -0.105 | -0.132 |
| (0.0915) | (0.0883) | (0.0811) | (0.125) | |
| Motivation: Politian Recommendation | -0.0938 | -0.0442 | -0.173* | -0.255* |
| (0.104) | (0.0986) | (0.0926) | (0.147) | |
| Motivation: Legal Restrictions | -0.0214 | 0.0371 | -0.0131 | -0.229* |
| (0.0953) | (0.0914) | (0.0847) | (0.137) | |
| Netherlands*Changed Behavior | -0.0433 | 0.00283 | 0.0445 | 0.214 |
| (0.179) | (0.191) | (0.168) | (0.250) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Self-Protection | -0.149 | -0.175 | -0.0801 | -0.220 |
| (0.146) | (0.154) | (0.136) | (0.207) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Protect Family | 0.113 | -0.000247 | 0.0106 | 0.179 |
| (0.128) | (0.132) | (0.119) | (0.181) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Protect Public | -0.109 | 0.0450 | -0.187* | -0.164 |
| (0.113) | (0.114) | (0.102) | (0.169) | |
| NL*Motivation: Conformity | -0.231 | -0.0394 | -0.0175 | -0.0974 |
| (0.145) | (0.150) | (0.136) | (0.210) | |
| NL*Motivation: Family/ Friends Recom. | -0.0391 | 0.0531 | -0.218 | -0.0234 |
| (0.178) | (0.182) | (0.166) | (0.247) | |
| NL*Motivation: Physician Recommend | 0.188* | 0.00148 | -0.0654 | -0.291 |
| (0.114) | (0.114) | (0.103) | (0.178) | |
| NL*Motivation: Politician Recommend | 0.0452 | -0.0232 | 0.106 | -0.0986 |
| (0.124) | (0.123) | (0.112) | (0.196) | |
| Netherlands*Motivation: Legal | 0.112 | -0.0502 | 0.0896 | 0.190 |
| (0.120) | (0.121) | (0.109) | (0.189) | |
| Observations | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 | 4,311 |
Table reports marginal effects, standard errors in parentheses,
*** p<0.01,
** p<0.05,
* p<0.1. Also controlling for age, gender, income, education, living environment, covid-19 risk and beliefs. The column “social 10+” means gatherings of 10 or more people.