Table 2.
Psychosocial model
Cognitive impairment (using MoCA) |
Realtive cognitive impairment |
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OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
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Variable | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
eGFR (per mL/min /1.73 m2 increase) | 0.984 (0.970–0.999)* | 0.988 (0.973–1.003) | 0.988 (0973–1.003) | 0.991 (0.973–1.008) | 0.969 (0.950-0.988)* | 0.976 (0.956–0.997)* | 0.976 (0.956–0.997)* | 0.982 (0.959–1.006) |
Age (per year) | 1.037 (1.017–1.057)* | X | 1.035 (1.015–1.055)* | 1.045 (1.018–1.072)* | 1.095 (1.062–1.130)* | 1.088 (1.055–1.122)* | 1.097 (1.055–1.140)* | |
Male sex | 1.089 (0.643–1.843) | 1.060 (0.616–1.824) | 1.098 (0.635–1.901) | 1.100 (0.571–2.119) | 0.855 (0.470–1.554) | 0.785 (0.404–1.527) | 0.875 (0.444–1.725) | 0.687 (0.313–1.509) |
Living alone | 1.467 (0.772–2.787) | 0.798 (0.412–1.546) | 1.232 (0.634–2.394) | 1.497 (0.696–3.222) | 1.246 (0.608–2.554) | 0.908 (0.412–1.998) | 0.878 (0396–1.947) | 1.118 (0.456–2.745) |
Raised BMI | 0.643 (0.341–1.210) | 0.546 (0.281–1.063) | 0.559 (0.287–1.090) | 0.486 (0.226–1.046) | 1.717 (0.778–3.791) | 1.600 (0.670–3.823) | 1.654 (0.688–3.980) | 1.980 (0.704–5.573) |
Smoking history | 1.228 (0.745–2.025) | 1.127 (0.672–1.889) | 1.083 (0.643–1.825) | 0.856 (0.461–1.588) | 1.114 (0.627–1.980) | 0.857 (0.451–1.629) | 0.835 (0.435–1.600) | 0.833 (0.395–1.757) |
Alcohol excess | 0.954 (0.460–1.977) | 0.959 (0.445–2.022) | 0.945 (0.446–2.004) | 0.993 (0.406–2.431) | 1.51 (0.621–3.701) | 1.163 (0.411–3.294) | 1.470 (0.593–3.647) | 1.978 (0.694–5.635) |
≤12-year education | 1.095 (0.664–1.805) | 0.804 (0.469–1.379) | 0.770 (0.446–1.329) | 0.742 (0.386–1.429) | 1.583 (0.882–2.844) | 0.933 (0.483–1.803) | 0.874 (0.447–1.710) | 0.772 (0.351–1.696) |
Anxiety or depression | 2.676 (1.172–6.112)* | 3.536 (1.463–8.548)* | 3.425 (1.408–8.332)* | 4.325 (1.694–11.044)* | 3.180 (0.767–13.181) | 6.801 (1.248–37.068)* | 5.049 (0.918–27.784) | 4.921 (0.827–29.266) |
P ≤ 0.05. Model 1 is adjusted for age, Model 2 is adjusted for age and eGFR and Model 3 is adjusted for all variables listed.