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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2020 May 10;39(18):2447–2476. doi: 10.1002/sim.8549

TABLE A3.

Single Confounder Removal: simulation results for B(−Xj) using nonparametric estimation with n = 2000;

Variable 1 2 3 4 5
Setting 1
Truth 0.347 0.225 0.187 0.196 0.044
Estimate 0.401 0.215 0.189 0.174 0.022
Bias −0.054 0.011 −0.001 0.022 0.022
ESE 0.044 0.045 0.035 0.032 0.016
Setting 2
Truth 0.580 0.026 0.305 0.030 0.059
Estimate 0.608 0.037 0.293 0.042 0.020
Bias −0.029 −0.010 0.011 −0.012 0.040
ESE 0.052 0.018 0.048 0.021 0.016
Setting 3
Truth 0.389 0.219 0.031 0.296 0.065
Estimate 0.436 0.184 0.072 0.286 0.022
Bias −0.046 0.035 −0.041 0.010 0.042
ESE 0.050 0.036 0.035 0.047 0.018
Setting 4
Truth 0.298 0.211 0.198 0.195 0.098
Estimate 0.400 0.216 0.189 0.173 0.022
Bias −0.102 −0.005 0.009 0.021 0.076
ESE 0.046 0.047 0.037 0.032 0.017

ESE = empirical standard error (standard deviation of estimates across the 1,000 replications)