Table 1.
Differences between patients aged <60 years and ≥60 years and those with and without primary diseases.
| Variables | Total | Age <60 years | Age ≥60 years | P-value | Without primary diseases | With primary diseases | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and clinical characteristics | |||||||
| Gender (male, %) | 70/123 | 22/46 | 48/77 | 0.097 | 22/47 | 48/76 | 0.075 |
| Age (years) | 61.9 ± 12.1 | 49.2 ± 7.1 | 69.5 ± 6.9 | <0.001 | 57.9 ± 12.4 | 64.4 ± 11.3 | 0.003 |
| Primary diseases (with/without, %) | 76/123 | 25/46 | 51/77 | 0.189 | 26/47 | 51/76 | 0.189 |
| Mortality (%) | 5/123 | 1/46 | 4/77 | 0.412 | 1/47 | 4/76 | 0.392 |
| Days before hospitalization | 15.1 ± 9.3 | 13.5 ± 8.6 | 17.7 ± 10.0 | 0.021 | 17.3 ± 8.5 | 13.9 ± 9.6 | 0.062 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 23.1 ± 11.0 | 19.1 ± 8.9 | 25.4 ± 11.4 | 0.001 | 21.0 ± 11.9 | 24.3 ± 10.2 | 0.111 |
| Laboratory findings at admission | |||||||
| WBC (× 109/L) | 6.00 ± 2.11 | 5.75 ± 1.85 | 6.16 ± 2.26 | 0.336 | 5.82 ± 1.84 | 6.13 ± 2.29 | 0.466 |
| Neutrophils (× 109/L) | 4.13 ± 2.06 | 3.75 ± 1.68 | 4.36 ± 2.24 | 0.151 | 3.84 ± 1.82 | 4.32 ± 2.20 | 0.246 |
| N% | 66.27 ± 13.34 | 64.20 ± 11.80 | 67.76 ± 14.14 | 0.219 | 64.07 ± 12.49 | 67.70 ± 13.77 | 0.181 |
| Lymphocytes (× 109/L) | 1.28 (0.84, 1.71) | 1.40 (0.96, 1.91) | 1.10 (0.76, 1.61) | 0.040 | 1.44 (0.93, 1.75) | 1.10 (0.81, 1.70) | 0.217 |
| L% | 23.60 ± 10.50 | 26.76 ± 10.43 | 21.62 ± 10.13 | 0.016 | 26.22 ± 11.24 | 21.89 ± 9.70 | 0.042 |
| PLT (× 109/L) | 242.42 ± 91.87 | 262.38 ± 90.21 | 230.25 ± 91.42 | 0.085 | 249.37 ± 105.30 | 237.82 ± 82.38 | 0.535 |
| Hb (g/L) | 125.23 ± 16.65 | 128.74 ± 16.45 | 123.09 ± 16.54 | 0.095 | 122.34 ± 16.92 | 127.15 ± 16.34 | 0.153 |
| PCT (ng/mL) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.14) | 0.06 (0.38, 0.12) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.14) | 0.513 | 0.06 (0.04, 1.11) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.14) | 0.216 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 3.63 (0.77, 32.04) | 2.44 (0.66, 13.25) | 4.41 (1.12, 55.90) | 0.315 | 3.83 (0.95, 14.27) | 2.60 (0.62, 56.40) | 0.736 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 18.45 ± 43.55 | 3.62 ± 1.69 | 23.78 ± 49.95 | 0.055 | 33.62 ± 67.20 | 10.17 ± 20.29 | 0.261 |
| TnI (ng/L) | 3.50 (1.33, 8.13) | 1.05 (0.80, 2.20) | 5.15 (2.75, 9.88) | 0.001 | 2.25 (0.80, 6.48) | 4.05 (1.83, 9.13) | 0.137 |
| Mb (ng/mL) | 36.90 (24.40, 56.24) | 21.80 (19.00, 35.65) | 50.70 (30.83, 72.93) | 0.019 | 33.55 (18.50, 43.35) | 51.00 (28.20, 59.40) | 0.081 |
| CK (U/L) | 54.50 (39.25, 79.30) | 54.00 (45.00, 108.00) | 60.00 (34.50, 83.00) | 0.704 | 49.50 (38.25, 65.50) | 64.50 (39.00, 112.00) | 0.065 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 21.71 (5.75, 12.00) | 10.00 (5.00, 12.00) | 9.00 (6.00, 15.00) | 0.795 | 9.00 (5.50, 12.00) | 9.00 (5.00, 15.00) | 0.459 |
| LDH (U/L) | 261.80 ± 134.57 | 254.22 ± 175.83 | 265.86 ± 108.54 | 0.774 | 228.74 ± 120.31 | 291.09 ± 141.30 | 0.060 |
| PT (s) | 13.03 ± 1.20 | 13.09 ± 1.35 | 13.01 ± 1.13 | 0.786 | 12.86 ± 0.97 | 13.13 ± 1.31 | 0.348 |
| APTT (s) | 36.18 ± 4.96 | 32.65 ± 6.14 | 34.76 ± 2.17 | 0.024 | 35.96 ± 5.55 | 36.30 ± 4.64 | 0.773 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 0.62 (0.25, 1.06) | 0.57 (0.16, 0.80) | 0.67 (0.31, 1.56) | 0.098 | 0.57 (0.24, 1.22) | 0.62 (0.27, 1.26) | 0.648 |
| FiB (g/L) | 3.89 ± 1.14 | 3.68 ± 1.16 | 3.99 ± 1.13 | 0.267 | 3.85 ± 1.15 | 3.91 ± 1.15 | 0.840 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 36.62 ± 6.99 | 34.36 ± 6.96 | 36.04 ± 26.91 | 0.213 | 35.17 ± 6.10 | 31.98 ± 6.44 | 0.016 |
| TBil (µmol/L) | 12.19 ± 7.96 | 9.77 ± 4.80 | 13.58 ± 9.05 | 0.008 | 12.21 ± 8.45 | 12.17 ± 7.70 | 0.982 |
| DBil (µmol/L) | 3.30 (2.13, 4.96) | 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) | 3.80 (2.45, 6.50) | 0.098 | 3.05 (1.88, 6.88) | 3.65 (2.40, 5.73) | 0.486 |
| ALT (U/L) | 38.19 ± 24.90 | 40.44 ± 29.22 | 36.80 ± 22.07 | 0.494 | 34.56 ± 26.78 | 40.67 ± 23.46 | 0.240 |
| AST (U/L) | 31.98 ± 26.12 | 33.39 ± 36.59 | 31.10 ± 17.38 | 0.684 | 26.41 ± 10.56 | 35.79 ± 32.33 | 0.045 |
| Cr (µmol/L) | 71.60 (61.00, 77.46) | 66.30 (58.40, 75.75) | 72.50 (62.00, 78.30) | 0.232 | 64.30 (57.80, 77.60) | 73.60 (64.50, 79.05) | 0.035 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.40 (4.00, 5.95) | 4.57 (3.62, 5.81) | 5.50 (4.16, 6.80) | 0.035 | 7.02 ± 9.69 | 5.49 (3.87, 6.44) | 0.808 |
| K (mmol/L) | 3.90 (3.30, 4.09) | 3.96 (3.77, 4.10) | 3.88 (3.43, 4.20) | 0.438 | 3.94 (3.69, 4.11) | 3.90 (3.54, 4.15) | 0.790 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 137.15 ± 15.69 | 139.23 ± 3.15 | 135.98 ± 19.42 | 0.382 | 138.99 ± 2.94 | 136.12 ± 19.46 | 0.441 |
| Laboratory findings at discharge | |||||||
| WBC (× 109/L) | 5.90 ± 2.89 | 5.40 ± 1.65 | 6.20 ± 3.43 | 0.171 | 5.43 ± 1.82 | 6.14 ± 3.31 | 0.236 |
| Neutrophils (× 109/L) | 4.76 ± 7.85 | 3.43 ± 1.20 | 5.73 ± 10.19 | 0.177 | 3.62 ± 1.69 | 5.32 ± 9.49 | 0.342 |
| N% (%) | 60.33 ± 14.09 | 60.12 ± 11.46 | 60.49 ± 15.87 | 0.903 | 59.07 ± 10.62 | 60.93 ± 15.51 | 0.567 |
| Lymphocytes (× 109/L) | 1.60 (1.09, 1.82) | 1.66 (1.23, 2.08) | 1.43 (0.99, 1.82) | 0.249 | 1.60 (1.23, 2.12) | 1.60 (1.00, 1.89) | 0.424 |
| L% (%) | 23.17 ± 13.31 | 26.44 ± 11.43 | 20.99 ± 14.09 | 0.044 | 24.87 ± 14.47 | 22.29 ± 12.69 | 0.361 |
| PLT (× 109/L) | 211.43 ± 110.52 | 231.04 ± 100.18 | 198.47 ± 115.82 | 0.144 | 209.26 ± 117.43 | 212.55 ± 107.67 | 0.887 |
| Hb (g/L) | 130.69 ± 35.19 | 135.05 ± 29.12 | 127.87 ± 38.57 | 0.317 | 132.51 ± 32.10 | 129.73 ± 36.90 | 0.707 |
| PCT (ng/mL) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.14) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.11) | 0.09 (0.04, 0.74) | 0.379 | 0.08 (0.04, 0.98) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.12) | 0.610 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 4.11 (0.10, 7.72) | 3.52 (0.32, 4.58) | 4.84 (0.71, 18.00) | 0.140 | 2.43 (0.21, 16.50) | 4.50 (0.63, 10.60) | 0.325 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 18.80 ± 51.12 | 3.96 ± 5.49 | 26.89 ± 62.42 | 0.102 | 20.62 ± 52.10 | 17.92 ± 51.80 | 0.888 |
| TnI (ng/L) | 2.70 (1.70, 14.44) | 2.10 (1.10, 3.80) | 4.20 (2.20, 26.75) | 0.054 | 2.40 (2.00, 23.50) | 3.80 (1.15, 16.6) | 0.921 |
| CK (U/L) | 40.50 (16.50, 53.00) | 47.00 (17.00, 60.50) | 38.50 (15.50, 60.75) | 0.545 | 39.50 (13.50, 46.50) | 41.50 (21.50, 69.25) | 0.150 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 8.00 (0.95, 13.40) | 6.00 (0.90, 11.00) | 9.00 (1.08, 49.50) | 0.251 | 7.00 (0.90, 18.00) | 8.50 (1.05, 23.50) | 0.656 |
| LDH (U/L) | 386.27 ± 1334.04 | 169.66 ± 99.83 | 500.95 ± 1654.03 | 0.400 | 183.82 ± 93.71 | 493.45 ± 1646.72 | 0.431 |
| PT (s) | 18.37 ± 14.45 | 18.44 ± 19.43 | 18.33 ± 10.71 | 0.977 | 17.61 ± 9.80 | 18.65 ± 15.89 | 0.801 |
| APTT (s) | 33.22 ± 9.48 | 32.97 ± 6.23 | 33.38 ± 11.06 | 0.851 | 31.05 ± 12.34 | 34.01 ± 8.23 | 0.273 |
| D-dimer (µg/mL) | 0.41 (0.22, 0.90) | 0.23 (0.12, 0.61) | 0.74 (0.31, 1.62) | 0.002 | 0.40 (0.22, 1.11) | 0.43 (0.18, 1.32) | 0.874 |
| FiB (g/L) | 3.01 ± 1.55 | 3.43 ± 1.050 | 2.80 ± 1.72 | 0.067 | 2.72 ± 1.76 | 3.14 ± 1.45 | 0.310 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 84.23 ± 106.39 | 37.86 ± 6.63 | 35.86 ± 7.14 | 0.165 | 37.46 ± 5.38 | 36.20 ± 7.66 | 0.400 |
| TBil (µmol/L) | 11.82 ± 8.51 | 10.22 ± 4.81 | 12.81 ± 10.08 | 0.141 | 11.04 ± 7.50 | 12.19 ± 8.99 | 0.533 |
| DBil (µmol/L) | 0.41 (0.22, 0.90) | 2.75 (1.98, 4.33) | 4.30 (2.50, 22.55) | 0.030 | 2.70 (2.03, 8.55) | 3.70 (2.30, 7.60) | 0.357 |
| ALT (U/L) | 84.56 ± 462.69 | 41.88 ± 43.13 | 111.85 ± 591.71 | 0.464 | 32.06 ± 20.19 | 110.42 ± 564.69 | 0.429 |
| AST (U/L) | 103.68 ± 780.60 | 24.64 ± 12.89 | 154.21 ± 999.32 | 0.421 | 21.19 ± 8.47 | 144.31 ± 953.36 | 0.461 |
| Cr (µmol/L) | 70.7 (57.25, 92.00) | 70.70 (55.70, 98.00) | 70.00 (58.65, 136.43) | 0.654 | 65.95 (56.18, 123.50) | 72.50 (57.70, 112.20) | 0.530 |
| BUN (µmol/L) | 5.70 (4.39, 7.20) | 4.60 (4.18, 6.02) | 6.41 (4.80, 34.49) | 0.012 | 5.69 (4.33, 51.02) | 5.70 (4.43, 8.10) | 0.832 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.07 (3.77, 4.23) | 4.11 (3.96, 4.26) | 4.00 (3.66, 4.40) | 0.349 | 4.02 (3.91, 4.18) | 4.13 (3.67, 4.40) | 0.776 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 130.83 ± 32.53 | 130.29 ± 33.60 | 131.16 ± 32.20 | 0.908 | 128.84 ± 36.73 | 131.76 ± 30.70 | 0.708 |
| Nucleic acid turn negative | 119/123 | 46/46 | 73/77 | 0.116 | 46/47 | 73/76 | 0.580 |
| Lung imaging changes | 123/123 | 46/46 | 77/77 | 47/47 | 76/76 | ||
| Improvement of lung imaging | 68/76 | 23/24 | 45/52 | 0.220 | 30/31 | 38/45 | 0.085 |
| Treatment(%) | |||||||
| Antiviral treatment | 120/123 | 46/46 | 74/77 | 0.175 | 47/47 | 73/76 | 0.168 |
| Antibiotic treatment | 48/123 | 15/46 | 33/77 | 0.260 | 18/47 | 30/76 | 0.897 |
| Antifungal treatment | 5/123 | 0/46 | 5/77 | 0.078 | 1/47 | 4/76 | 0.392 |
| Glucocorticoid | 17/123 | 2/46 | 15/77 | 0.019 | 6/47 | 11/76 | 0.790 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy | 2/123 | 0/46 | 2/77 | 0.270 | 1/47 | 1/76 | 0.729 |
| High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy | 6/123 | 0/46 | 6/77 | 0.052 | 1/47 | 5/76 | 0.265 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 5/123 | 0/46 | 5/77 | 0.078 | 0/47 | 5/76 | 0.073 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 1/123 | 0/46 | 1/77 | 0.438 | 1/47 | 0/76 | 0.202 |
| CRRT | 1/123 | 0/46 | 1/77 | 0.438 | 1/47 | 0/76 | 0.202 |
Laboratory data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and median (first quartile, third quartile).
ALT: Alanine transaminase; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CK: Creatine kinase; CK-MB: Creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB; Cr: Creatinine; CRP: C-reactive protein; CRRT: Continuous renal replacement therapy; DBil: Direct bilirubin; FiB: Fibrinogen; Hb: Hemoglobin; IL: Interleukin; L%: Lymphocyte fraction; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; Mb: Myoglobin; N%: Neutrophil fraction; PCT: Procalcitonin; PLT: Platelet count; PT: Prothrombin time; TBil: Total bilirubin; TnI: Cardiac TroponinI; WBC: White blood cell.