Effects of ibotenic acid lesioning within or sparing the thalamic parafascicular (Pf) nuclear complex in neonatal lambs on the depression phase of the hypoxic ventilatory response. Lesioning the Pf removes the ventilatory depression at 10 and 15 min (decline 10 and 15, respectively) expressed as a change in ventilation from prelesion values (upper left) or as a percent of the augmentation phase (lower left) (A). Lesions sparing the Pf have no effect on the hypoxic ventilatory decline (B). *P < 0.005, **P < 0.03 compared with augmentation phase. †P < 0.005 versus prelesion at same time, ‡ P < 0.05 versus thalamic lesions sparing Pf at same time. Adapted, with permission, from Koos BJ, et al., 2016 (164).