Examples of metal-based anticancer drugs that have entered clinical trials, with their stage in the clinical pipeline, administration route, treatment indication and clinical trial identifier. For structures see Fig. 2 and Section 6 of the ESI.

M	Agent	Stage	Administration	Treatment	Triala	Ref.
Zn/Cu	DpC (thiosemicarbazone)b (Zn1†, Zn2†)	Phase I	Oral	Advanced solid tumours	NCT02688101	130
As	Darinaparsin (As2)	Phase I	Oral	Advanced solid tumours	NCT01139346	131
Ru	NKP1339 (Ru9)	Phase I	Intravenous	Colorectal carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours	NCT01415297	132
Ru	TLD1433 (Ru6)	Phase II	Intravescical photodynamic therapy (PDT)	Photodynamic therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer	NCT03945162	133
Pt	Satraplatin (Pt6†)	Phase I	Oral (CDMS)c	Prostate cancer	NCT03258320	124
				Refractory solid tumours including brain tumours	NCT01259479	134
Pt	Nanoplatin™ (NC6004)	Phase II	Infusion therapy (+pembrolizumab)	Recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck	NCT03771820	124 and 135
		Phase I/II	(+Gemcitabine)	Pancreatic cancer	NCT00910741
Pt	Picoplatin (Pt9†)	Phase I/II	Infusion therapy (+leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil)	Colorectal cancer	NCT00478946
		Phase I	Oral and intravenous	Solid tumours	NCT00465725	124 and 135
Pt	BTP-114 (cisplatin pro-drug) (Pt10)	Phase I	Intravenous	Pancreatic, ovarian, breast and prostate neoplasms (BRCA mutations)	NCT02950064	135
Pt	PT-112 (Pt11†)	Phase I	Intravenous	Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma	NCT03288480
		Phase I		Advanced solid tumours	NCT02266745	135
Pt	ProLindac™ (Pt12†)	Phase I	Intravenous	Unresectable and metastatic head and neck cancer	NCT00415298	135
		Phase II		Advanced ovarian cancer	EudraCT: 2010-020030-25d	136
Pt	Triplatin (Pt13)	Phase II	Intravenous	Inoperable small cell lung cancer, Advanced/metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas	NCT00014547, NCT00024362	137
Au	Auranofin (Au1)	Phase I/II (+sirolimus)e	Oral	Advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer or small cell lung cancer	NCT01737502
		Phase II		Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, small lymphocytic/prolymphocytic lymphoma	NCT01419691	135

^aNCT retrieved from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.

^bAdministered as a free ligand. Active as metal complex (Zn/Cu). Complex transmetalated with Cu in lysosomes.¹³⁸

^cCombination: cabazitaxel, docetaxel, mitoxantrone or satraplatin (CDMS) plus surgery.

^dFrom the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database.

^eImmunosuppressive.