TABLE 2.
Names, compositions, and relative abundance of the HMOs analyzed in Malawian women1
| Abbreviation2 | Composition3 | Name | Relative abundance among secretors4 (n = 485)5 | Relative abundance among nonsecretors (n = 162)5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3′SL* | 2001 | 3′-Sialyllactose | 2.1 (1.6, 2.9) | 3.1 (2.1, 4.0) |
| 6′SL* | 2001 | 6′-Sialyllactose | 0.09 (0.03, 0.16) | 0.21 (0.09, 0.50) |
| 3FL* | 2010 | 3-Fucosyllactose | 0.22 (0.09, 0.47) | 0.60 (0.18, 1.07) |
| 2′FL* | 2010 | 2′-Fucosyllactose | 14 (10, 18) | 0.32 (0.18, 0.51) |
| LDFT* | 2020 | Lactodifucotetraose | 4.2 (1.0, 8.1) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.15) |
| LNT* | 3100 | Lacto-N-tetraose | 14 (11, 17) | 22 (16, 30) |
| LNnT* | 3100 | Lacto-N-neotetraose | 8.5 (6.5, 10.5) | 6.8 (3.9, 9.4) |
| LNT + LNnT* | 3100 | Lacto-N-tetraose + lacto-N-neotetraose | 23 (19, 27) | 29 (23, 37) |
| LSTa* | 3101 | Sialyllacto-N-neotetraose (a) | 0.35 (0.22, 0.51) | 0.45 (0.27, 0.73) |
| LSTb* | 3101 | Sialyllacto-N-tetraose (b) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.4) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.8) |
| LSTc* | 3101 | Siallylacto-N-tetraose (c) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.4) |
| LNFP I + III* | 3110 | Lacto-N-fucopentaose I + III | 5.6 (3.7, 9.6) | 3.6 (2.2, 4.4) |
| LNFP II* | 3110 | Lacto-N-fucopentaose II | 4.1 (0.8, 6.1) | 9.6 (0.9, 11.3) |
| F-LSTc*6 | 3111 | Monofucosylmonosialyllacto-N-neotetraose | 0.18 (0.09, 0.35) | 0.15 (0.08, 0.56) |
| LNDFH + 3120* | 3120 | Lacto-N-difucohexaose I + II + unknown 3120 | 2.2 (0.3, 3.3) | 3.4 (0.5, 4.3) |
| 4100a | 4100 | No literature name | 0.12 (0.08, 0.23) | 0.15 (0.09, 0.26) |
| 4100b* | 4100 | No literature name | 0.09 (0.06, 0.12) | 0.12 (0.09, 0.18) |
| LNH*7 | 4200 | Lacto-N-hexaose | 0.72 (0.39, 1.24) | 0.65 (0.31, 1.9) |
| LNnH* | 4200 | Lacto-N-neohexaose | 1.7 (1.0, 2.5) | 1.1 (0.4, 2.0) |
| p-LNH | 4200 | para-Lacto-N-hexaose | 0.38 (0.19, 0.81) | 0.23 (0.10, 0.45) |
| S-LNH* | 4201 | Monosialyllacto-N-hexaose | 0.11 (0.05, 0.16) | 0.16 (0.10, 0.31) |
| 4021a + S-LNnH II* | 4201 | No literature name + sialyllacto-N-neohexaose II | 0.56 (0.33, 0.89) | 0.35 (0.16, 0.70) |
| MFpLNH IV* | 4210 | Fucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose | 2.8 (2.2, 3.4) | 3.3 (2.4, 3.9) |
| 4120a* | 4210 | No literature name | 0.08 (0.04, 0.27) | 0.14 (0.05, 0.57) |
| MFLNH I + III* | 4210 | Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose I + III | 2.5 (1.6, 3.3) | 3.3 (2.2, 4.9) |
| IFLNH III* | 4210 | Isomer 3 fucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose | 1.8 (1.2, 2.2) | 1.5 (0.7, 2.3) |
| IFLNH I* | 4210 | Isomer 1 fucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose | 0.24 (0.07, 0.75) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.16) |
| 4211a8 | 4211 | No literature name | 0.21 (0.07, 0.32) | 0.35 (0.12, 0.40) |
| 4211b* | 4211 | No literature name | 0.12 (0.07, 0.19) | 0.29 (0.15, 0.31) |
| 4211c* | 4211 | No literature name | 1.9 (1.5, 2.3) | 2.4 (1.9, 3.0) |
| DFLNHa* | 4220 | Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose (a) | 0.82 (0.36, 1.84) | 0.10 (0.05, 0.15) |
| DFLNHb* | 4220 | Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose | 1.33 (0.83, 2.01) | 4.3 (3.0, 5.7) |
| DFLNHc* | 4220 | Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose (c) | 0.11 (0.05, 0.21) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.19) |
| DFpLNH II* | 4220 | Difucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose | 1.9 (1.4, 2.3) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.9) |
| DFS-LNnH* | 4221 | Difucosylmonosialyllacto-N-neohexaose | 0.03 (0.04, 0.13) | 0.03 (0.04, 0.05) |
| TFLNH* | 4230 | Trifucosyllacto-N-hexaose | 1.01 (0.11, 1.37) | 0.7 (0.1, 1.0) |
| 4240a* | 4240 | No literature name | 0.11 (0.04, 0.22) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) |
| 4320a* | 4320 | No literature name | 0.10 (0.05, 0.19) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.18) |
| 5130a* | 5130 | No literature name | 0.34 (0.15, 0.61) | 0.45 (0.24, 0.89) |
| 5130b* | 5130 | No literature name | 0.09 (0.05, 0.19) | 0.11 (0.06, 0.18) |
| 5130c* | 5130 | No literature name | 0.10 (0.04, 0.27) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.21) |
| 5230a + DFLNnO I/DFLNO II* | 5230 | Difucosyllacto-N-neooctaose I/difucosyllacto-N-octaose II + 5230 | 0.76 (0.45, 0.98) | 0.56 (0.23, 1.04) |
| 5230a* | 5230 | No literature name | 0.17 (0.04, 0.34) | 0.18 (0.04, 0.40) |
| 5230b | 5230 | No literature name | 0.14 (0.08, 0.22) | 0.17 (0.10, 0.29) |
| 5300a | 5300 | No literature name | 0.47 (0.20, 0.78) | 0.30 (0.14, 0.65) |
| F-LNO*9 | 5310 | Fucosyllacto-N-octaose | 0.54 (0.33, 0.74) | 0.54 (0.31, 0.89) |
| 5311a | 5311 | No literature name | 0.05 (0.03, 0.09) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.10) |
| DFLNO I* | 5320 | Difucosyllacto-N-octaose I | 0.31 (0.15, 0.62) | 0.84 (0.26, 1.30) |
| DFLNnO II* | 5320 | Difucosyllacto-N-neooctaose II | 0.23 (0.10, 0.44) | 0.34 (0.08, 0.77) |
| DFLNnO I/DFLNO II* | 5320 | Difucosyllacto-N-neooctaose I/difucosyllacto-N-octaose II | 0.44 (0.09, 0.79) | 0.13 (0.05, 0.53) |
| 5330a | 5330 | No literature name | 0.04 (0.03, 0.15) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.06) |
| 6400a10 | 6400 | No literature name | 0.03 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05) |
| 6400b | 6400 | No literature name | 0.05 (0.04, 0.11) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) |
ARI, acute respiratory infection; CRP, C-reactive protein; FUT2, fucosyltransferase 2; HMO, human milk oligosaccharide.
2*Median values differed between secretors and nonsecretors.
3Composition given as hexose_N-acetylhexoseamine (HexNAc)_fucose_N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid). For example, 5311 has 5 hexoses, 3 HexNAc, 1 fucose, and 1 sialic acid. Thus, those with a nonzero number in the last position are sialylated; those with a nonzero number in the third position are fucosylated.
Positive for the functional enzyme encoded by the FUT2 gene.
Values are median (25th, 75th percentile).
There was an interaction between F-LSTc and secretor status for longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea from 6 to 7 mo.
There were interactions between LNH and secretor status for longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea and lost appetite from 6 to 7 mo.
There were interactions between the unnamed HMO 4211a and secretor status for CRP at 18 mo and prevalence of elevated CRP at 18 mo.
There were interactions between F-LNO and secretor status for incidence of diarrhea from 6 to 7 mo, and incidence of ARI and lost appetite from 6 to 12 mo.
There were interactions between the unnamed HMO 6400a and secretor status for incidence of any illness, fever, and lost appetite from 6 to 12 mo; longitudinal prevalence of fever and lost appetite from 6 to 12 mo; and high CRP at 18 mo.