Table 2.
The biofilm-forming capacity of P. aeruginosa and percentages of their efflux pump genes related to antibiotics.
| Biofilm | Efflux pump genes | IMI | MER | GEN | CIP | ATM | CPE | CAZ | C | AMK | TMP/SMX | MDR | XDR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RND types | MFS types | SMR types | |||||||||||||||||
| MexA | mexB | oprM | oprD | tetA | tetR | emrE | |||||||||||||
| Strong (n = 19, 33.72%) | 12 | 19 | 17 | 19 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 19 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 16 | 7 | 14 | 9 |
| Moderate (n = 29, 33.72%) | 19 | 7 | 28 | 29 | 3 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 22 | 28 | 7 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 1 |
| Weak (n = 3, 3.48%) | 9 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Clinical isolates | |||||||||||||||||||
| Wound (n = 21, 24.41%) | 15 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 9 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 19 | 6 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 4 |
| Urine (n = 15, 17.44%) | 9 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Blood (n = 29, 33.72%) | 12 | 3 | 24 | 27 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 9 | 21 | 24 | 10 | 17 | 6 | 0 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 5 |
| Medical devices (n = 11, 12.79%) | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Gender | |||||||||||||||||||
| Male (n = 19, 22.09%) | 19 | 11 | 19 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 17 | 6 | 13 | 5 |
| Female (n = 67, 77.90%) | 25 | 22 | 40 | 48 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 33 | 42 | 7 | 24 | 8 | 0 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 6 |
| Hospital sections | |||||||||||||||||||
| Maternity unit (n = 6, 6.97%) | 6 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Pediatrics (n = 14, 16.27%) | 3 | 1 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Internal unit (n = 13, 15.11%) | 6 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Emergency (n = 17, 8.13%) | 10 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| ICU (n = 15, 17.44%) | 7 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 15 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 3 |
| Burns unit (n = 14, 16.27%) | 12 | 8 | 14 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 |
| Neurosurgery (n = 7, 8.13%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
IMI: imipenem; MER: meropenem; GEN: gentamycin; CIP: ciprofloxacin; ATM: aztreonam; CPE: cefepime; C: colistin; AMK: amikacin; TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; ICU: Intensive Care Unit.