Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Schematic representation of altered heme metabolism in macrophages of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). These pulmonary macrophages might have lower heme and biliverdin levels, leading to increased oxidative stress and expression of proinflammatory cytokines that can exacerbate fibrosis. BVR, biliverdin reductase; CO, carbon monoxide; Fe2, free iron; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
