Table 4.

EV miRNAs and proteins as biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases

Biomarker (miRNAs/Proteins)	EV Source	Cardiovascular Pathology	Reference
miR-1, miR-133a	Serum of humans	Myocardial damage, acute coronary syndrome	(100)
miR-208a	Plasma of humans	Coronary artery occlusion	(29)
miR-208b, miR-499-5p	Plasma of humans	Increased risk for heart failure	(63)
miR-192, has-miR-194, miR-34a	Serum of humans	Heart failure following acute myocardial infarction	(34)
Apolipoprotein D, C-III; complement C1q, C5; platelet basic protein	Plasma of humans	Indicator of thrombosis, vascular inflammation, myocardial injury	(81)

EV, extracellular vesicle.