Figure 1.

Chronic perinatal hypoxia mouse model. Pregnant CD1 mice were placed in hypoxia starting on embryonic day (E)16, corresponding with rapid growth of the ventricular myocardium and reliance on coronary arteries, similar to a 4 months gestation human fetus. Hypoxic pups were born and reared in hypoxia until postnatal day (P)8 when the majority of cardiomyocyte development is complete. Removal from the hypoxic chamber represents surgical repair in human neonates with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). Mice recovered in normoxia until further testing at P30, representing a child with repaired cyanotic CHD and corresponding normalization in oxygen saturations. $\text{F}{\text{I}}_{{\text{O}}_2}$, fractional inspired oxygen concentration. Image created with Biorender.com and used with permission.