Table 1.
Main demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients at baseline and at days 3 and 5 following the treatment with inhaled surfactant.
| Parameters | Surfactant group (n = 33) | Control group (n = 32) | р |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 59.0 (53.0–69.0) | 63.5 (50.5–68.5) | 0.88 |
| Males, % | 54 | 72 | 0.15 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.2 (24.7–33.2) | 31.3 (27.1–33.8) | 0.24 |
| Duration of the disease before entering the study, days | 10.5 (8.8–15.0) | 12.0 (9.0–15.0) | 0.31 |
| Comorbidities, n (%): | |||
| COPD | 1 (3.0%) | 2 (6.3%) | 0.55 |
| Asthma | 0 | 1 (3.1%) | 0.31 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 (57.6%) | 15 (46.9%) | 0.60 |
| Diabetes | 9 (27.3%) | 8 (25%) | 0.78 |
| Malignancy | 1 (3.0%) | 0 | 0.31 |
| At baseline | |||
| SOFA score | 3 (3–4) | 3 (3–3) | 0.45 |
| NEWS scale | 8 (6–10) | 7 (4–8) | 0.09 |
| Body temperature, 0С | 37.7 (37.3–38.0) | 37.5 (36.6–38.0) | 0.14 |
| Dyspnea (Borg scale) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (2–8) | 0.56 |
| Respiratory rate, min−1 | 26 (21–32) | 24 (21–26) | 0.08 |
| Leukocytes, 109/L | 6.0 (5.1–8.3) | 6.8 (4.4–9.4) | 0.99 |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.7 (0.7–1.2) | 0.98 |
| СRP, mg/L | 121 (56–160) | 119 (52–170) | 0.83 |
| D-dimer, μg/mL | 2.7 (1.5–5.6) | 1.7 (0.7–4.6) | 0.17 |
| Day 3 | |||
| SOFA score | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–4) | 0.08 |
| NEWS scale | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–8) | 0.76 |
| Body temperature, 0С | 37.0 (36.5–37.4) | 36.9 (36.6–37.2) | 0.59 |
| Dyspnea (Borg scale) | 5 (3–8) | 5 (2–10) | 0.87 |
| Respiratory rate, min−1 | 22 (20–26) | 22 (19–25) | 0.46 |
| Day 5 | |||
| SOFA score | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–5) | 0.04 |
| NEWS scale | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–7) | 0.66 |
| Body temperature, 0С | 37.0 (36.6–37.2) | 36.8 (36.6–37.2) | 0.51 |
| Dyspnea (Borg scale) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–6) | 0.35 |
| Respiratory rate, min−1 | 20 (19–23) | 21 (20–24) | 0.35 |
| Leukocytes, 109/L | 7.4 (5.8–10.2) | 9.2 (8.2–12.5) | 0.02 |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.4 (0.6–2.5) | 0.80 |
| СRP, mg/L | 13 (5–94) | 40 (14–114) | 0.22 |
| D-dimer, μg/mL | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 2.3 (0.9–9.6) | 0.24 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Transfer to ICU, n (%) | 8 (24.2) | 15 (46.9) | 0.05 |
| Intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 6 (18.2) | 13 (40.6) | 0.04 |
| Deaths, n (%) | 5 (15.2) | 9 (28.1) | 0.17 |
| Duration of NIV, days | 7 (3–13) | 11 (5–22) | 0.02 |
| Length of hospitalization, days | 18 (16–27) | 26 (21–31) | 0.003 |
Table 1. Results are presented as absolute values (%) or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations. BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; NEWS, National Early Warning Score; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; NIV, non-invasive ventilation.