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. 2021 May 24;14:2119–2132. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S305959

Table 5.

Differences on Comparison Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Sociodemographic Characteristics (n=2769)

Characteristics Knowledge Attitudes Practices
Mean±SD F p Mean±SD F p Mean±SD F p
Age
 18–39 years 13.45±0.94 19.239 <0.001* 26.46±3.52 3.696 0.025* 5.62±1.43 60.114 <0.001*
 40–59 years 13.21±1.39 26.85±3.48 5.06±1.50
 ≥ 60 years 13.09±1.55 26.73±3.16 4.85±1.52
Gender
 Male 13.33±1.04 0.854 0.355 26.44±3.49 4.938 0.026* 5.36±1.52 1.232 0.267
 Female 13.37±1.25 26.73±3.46 5.42±1.46
Education level
 ≤High school 13.11±1.53 35.646 <0.001* 26.56±3.55 1.094 0.335 4.99±1.57 63.082 <0.001*
 Vocational, school/college, University 13.49±0.85 26.65±3.37 5.61±1.38
 ≥ Post-graduate 13.35±1.16 26.14±4.38 5.91±1.39
Current residence
 Living alone 13.48±0.79 18.915 <0.001* 26.47±3.32 2.114 0.146 5.71±1.39 69.853 <0.001*
 Living with others 13.28±1.31 26.67±3.56 5.22±1.51
Religion/religious belief
 Buddhism 13.32±1.28 1.555 0.198 26.50±3.76 0.615 0.606 5.17±1.56 9.696 <0.001*
 Christian 13.29±1.11 26.50±3.55 5.60±1.42
 Others 13.22±1.46 26.59±2.93 5.57±1.57
 None 13.39±1.10 26.68±3.32 5.41±1.46
Living location
 Rural 13.16±1.45 25.834 <0.001* 26.38±3.76 3.656 0.056 5.08±1.63 41.032 <0.001*
 Urban 13.42±1.04 26.67±3.38 5.50±1.42
Occupation
 Farmer 13.11±1.82 4.807 <0.001* 26.72±3.14 4.637 <0.001* 5.10±1.72 13.737 <0.001*
 Housewife 13.16±1.66 26.88±3.07 5.14±1.51
 Freelancer 13.41±0.89 27.02±3.80 5.37±1.54
 Worker 13.35±1.19 27.03±3.72 5.39±1.49
 Student 13.55±0.71 26.27±3.11 5.88±1.29
 Officer 13.39±0.91 26.13±3.39 5.51±1.17
 Retiree 13.34±1.16 26.89±3.34 4.63±1.30
 Businessman 13.24±1.31 26.47±3.97 5.28±1.48
Number of sources of information about COVID-19
 ≤ 2 13.09±1.65 29.609 <0.001* 26.84±3.66 7.899 <0.001* 4.76±1.47 111.037 <0.001*
 3–4 13.41±0.97 26.74±3.49 5.50±1.52
 ≥ 5 13.50±0.78 26.23±3.32 5.78±1.29
Frequency of visiting hospital (times/year)
 1–2 13.41±1.15 6.815 <0.001* 26.80±3.47 8.735 <0.001* 5.37±1.51 3.494 <0.015*
 3–6 13.38±1.19 26.41±2.87 5.78±1.48
 7–12 13.18±1.16 26.04±3.50 5.39±1.42
 > 12 13.44±1.06 27.18±4.15 5.13±1.33
Place of visiting
 Outpatient department 13.58±0.81 41.265 <0.001* 27.78±3.92 130.415 <0.001* 4.71±1.36 248.360 <0.001*
 Inpatient department 13.26±1.26 26.14±3.18 5.66±1.45
Number of undergoing chronic diseases
 0 13.42±1.14 16.840 <0.001* 26.65±3.50 2.070 0.126 5.47±1.46 14/402 <0.001*
 1–2 13.22±1.17 26.50±3.46 5.23±1.55
 ≥ 3 12.69±1.46 25.76±2.98 4.63±1.29

Note: *p-value < 0.05.