Table 1.
Baseline characteristics grouped by serum albumin concentration.
| Variable | Albumin (g/dL) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| > 4 | ≤ 4 | ||
| (n = 3157) | (n = 1168) | ||
| Age (year) | 48.9 ± 7.9 | 51.1 ± 8.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex (male, %) | 1625 (51.5) | 334 (28.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Smoker (n, %) | 889 (28.2) | 226 (19.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.1 | 23.9 ± 2.9 | 0.6863 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.5 ± 8.6 | 79.9 ± 8.2 | 0.1709 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 113.4 ± 10.8 | 113.2 ± 11.1 | 0.4836 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.0 ± 7.3 | 74.7 ± 7.5 | < 0.0001 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 6.4 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.9 | 0.0113 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6 ± 1.5 | 12.8 ± 1.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Platelet (103/μL) | 263.1 ± 61.5 | 259.9 ± 61.7 | 0.5100 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 82.9 ± 8.4 | 79.5 ± 6.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Post-prandial glucose (mg/dL) | 113.8 ± 29.9 | 109.3 ± 27.9 | 0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.50 ± 0.34 | 5.51 ± 0.34 | 0.3316 |
| eGFRa (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 93.2 ± 13.7 | 97.7 ± 11.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 28.2 ± 13.5 | 28.5 ± 19.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 26.2 ± 20.6 | 24.3 ± 22.8 | < 0.0001 |
| γ-Glutamyl transferase (IU/L) | 28.3 ± 34.4 | 26.1 ± 71.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 135.9 ± 86.0 | 146.0 ± 90.1 | < 0.0001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 45.7 ± 10.1 | 44.0 ± 9.7 | < 0.0001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 101.5 ± 27.8 | 118.0 ± 31.2 | < 0.0001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.19 ± 0.39 | 0.23 ± 0.55 | 0.2859 |
| UACR (mg/g Cr) | 10.1 ± 6.2 | 9.7 ± 6.7 | 0.3833 |
Results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or as frequencies (and proportions).
BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; UACR, urine albumin/creatinine ratio; Cr, creatinine.
aEstimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.